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EkBass
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BazzBasic_AI_Guide

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```basic
LET x$ = 1
x$ += 5 ' add
x$ -= 3 ' subtract
x$ *= 2 ' multiply
x$ /= 4 ' divide
LET s$ = "Hello"
s$ += " World" ' string concatenation
```
**Scope:** All main-code variables share one scope (IF, FOR, and WHILE do NOT create new scope).
Main-code variables ($) are NOT accessible inside DEF FN
`DEF FN` functions are fully isolated — only global constants (`#`) accessible inside.
**Comparison:** `"123" = 123` is TRUE (cross-type), but keep types consistent for speed.
---
### Built-in Constants
- **Boolean:** `TRUE`, `FALSE`
- **Math:** `PI#`, `HPI#` (π/2 = 90°), `QPI#` (π/4 = 45°), `TAU#` (2π = 360°), `EULER#` (e) — `#` suffix required
- **System:** `PRG_ROOT#` (program base directory path)
- **Keyboard:** `KEY_ESC#`, `KEY_ENTER#`, `KEY_SPACE#`, `KEY_UP#`, `KEY_DOWN#`, `KEY_LEFT#`, `KEY_RIGHT#`, `KEY_F1#`…`KEY_F12#`, `KEY_A#`…`KEY_Z#`, `KEY_0#`…`KEY_9#`, `KEY_LSHIFT#`, `KEY_LCTRL#`, etc.
---
## Arrays
BazzBasic arrays are fully dynamic and support numeric, string, or mixed indexing.
```basic
DIM scores$ ' Declare (required before use)
DIM a$, b$, c$ ' Multiple
scores$(0) = 95 ' Numeric indices are 0-based.
scores$("name") = "Alice" ' String keys are associative and unordered.
matrix$(0, 1) = "A2" ' Multi-dimensional
DIM sounds$
sounds$("guns", "shotgun_shoot") = "shoot_shotgun.wav"
sounds$("guns", "shotgun_reload") = "reload_shotgun.wav"
sounds$("guns", "ak47_shoot") = "shoot_ak47.wav"
sounds$("guns", "ak47_reload") = "reload_ak47.wav"
sounds$("food", "ham_eat") = "eat_ham.wav"
PRINT LEN(sounds$()) ' 5 as full size of arrayas there is total of 5 values in array
PRINT ROWCOUNT(sounds$()) ' 2, "guns" & "food"
```
| Function/Command | Description |
|-----------------|-------------|
| `LEN(arr$())` | Total element count (LEN counts all nested elements across all dimensions) |
| `ROWCOUNT(arr$())` | Count of first-dimension rows — use this for FOR loops over multi-dim arrays |
| `HASKEY(arr$(key))` | 1 if exists, 0 if not |
| `DELKEY arr$(key)` | Remove one element |
| `DELARRAY arr$` | Remove entire array (can re-DIM after) |
| `JOIN dest$, src1$, src2$` | Merge two arrays; `src2$` keys overwrite `src1$`. Use empty `src1$` as `COPYARRAY`. |
**JOIN** Matching keys from src2$ overwrite src1$ at the same level
**Always check with `HASKEY` before reading uninitialized elements.**
---
## Control Flow
```basic
' Block IF
IF score$ >= 90 THEN
PRINT "A"
ELSEIF score$ >= 80 THEN
PRINT "B"
ELSE
PRINT "F"
END IF ' ENDIF also works
' One-line IF
IF lives$ = 0 THEN GOTO [game_over]
IF key$ = KEY_ESC# THEN GOTO [menu] ELSE GOTO [play]
' FOR (auto-declares variable)
FOR i$ = 1 TO 10 STEP 2 : PRINT i$ : NEXT
FOR i$ = 10 TO 1 STEP -1 : PRINT i$ : NEXT
' WHILE
WHILE x$ < 100
x$ = x$ * 2
WEND
' Labels, GOTO, GOSUB
[start]
GOSUB [sub:init]
' Avoid jumping into the middle of logical blocks (e.g. inside IF/WHILE)
GOTO [start]
[sub:init]
LET x$ = 0
RETURN
' Dynamic jump (variable must contain "[label]" with brackets)
LET target$ = "[menu]"