| --- |
| license: cc0-1.0 |
| task_categories: |
| - question-answering |
| language: |
| - en |
| size_categories: |
| - 100M<n<1B |
| --- |
| # ComplexTempQA Dataset |
|
|
| ComplexTempQA is a large-scale dataset designed for complex temporal question answering (TQA). It consists of over 100 million question-answer pairs, making it one of the most extensive datasets available for TQA. The dataset is generated using data from Wikipedia and Wikidata and spans questions over a period of 36 years (1987-2023). |
|
|
| **Note:** We have a smaller version consisting of questions from the time period 1987 until 2007. |
|
|
| ## Dataset Description |
|
|
| ComplexTempQA categorizes questions into three main types: |
| - Attribute Questions |
| - Comparison Questions |
| - Counting Questions |
|
|
| These categories are further divided based on their relation to events, entities, or time periods. |
|
|
| ### Question Types and Counts |
|
|
| | | Question Type | Subtype | Count | |
| |--|-----------------------|---------------------|---------------| |
| |1a| Attribute | Event | 83,798 | |
| |1b| Attribute | Entity | 84,079 | |
| |1c| Attribute | Time | 9,454 | |
| |2a| Comparison | Event | 25,353,340 | |
| |2b| Comparison | Entity | 74,678,117 | |
| |2c| Comparison | Time | 54,022,952 | |
| |3a| Counting | Event | 18,325 | |
| |3b| Counting | Entity | 10,798 | |
| |3c| Counting | Time | 12,732 | |
| | | Multi-Hop | | 76,933 | |
| | | Unnamed Event | | 8,707,123 | |
| | | **Total** | | **100,228,457**| |
|
|
| ### Metadata |
|
|
| - **id**: A unique identifier for each question. |
| - **question**: The text of the question being asked. |
| - **answer**: The answer(s) to the question. |
| - **type**: The type of question based on the dataset’s taxonomy. |
| - **rating**: A numerical rating indicating the difficulty of the question (`0` for easy, `1` for hard). |
| - **timeframe**: The start and end dates relevant to the question. |
| - **question_entity**: List of Wikidata IDs related to the entities in the question. |
| - **answer_entity**: List of Wikidata IDs related to the entities in the answer. |
| - **question_country**: List of Wikidata IDs of the countries associated with the questioned entities or events. |
| - **answer_country**: List of Wikidata IDs of the countries associated with the answered entities or events. |
| - **is_unnamed**: A flag indicating if the question contains an implicitly described event (`1` for yes, `0` for no). |
| |
| |
| |
| ## Dataset Characteristics |
| |
| ### Size |
| ComplexTempQA comprises over 100 million question-answer pairs, focusing on events, entities, and time periods from 1987 to 2023. |
| |
| ### Complexity |
| Questions require advanced reasoning skills, including multi-hop question answering, temporal aggregation, and across-time comparisons. |
| |
| ### Taxonomy |
| The dataset follows a unique taxonomy categorizing questions into attributes, comparisons, and counting types, ensuring comprehensive coverage of temporal queries. |
| |
| ### Evaluation |
| The dataset has been evaluated for readability, ease of answering before and after web searches, and overall clarity. Human raters have assessed a sample of questions to ensure high quality. |
| |
| ## Usage |
| |
| ### Evaluation and Training |
| ComplexTempQA can be used for: |
| - Evaluating the temporal reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) |
| - Fine-tuning language models for better temporal understanding |
| - Developing and testing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems |
| |
| ### Research Applications |
| The dataset supports research in: |
| - Temporal question answering |
| - Information retrieval |
| - Language understanding |
| |
| ### Adaptation and Continual Learning |
| ComplexTempQA's temporal metadata facilitates the development of online adaptation and continual training approaches for LLMs, aiding in the exploration of time-based learning and evaluation. |
| |
| ## Access |
| |
| The dataset and code are freely available at [https://github.com/DataScienceUIBK/ComplexTempQA](https://github.com/DataScienceUIBK/ComplexTempQA). |
