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Ray’s Kicks Are Real Nice
RedsArmyAdmin December 24, 2008 Uncategorized 2 Comments
I like Paul Pierce's Christmas shoe, but I like Ray Allen's sneaker better. NiceKicks.com has the scoop on when you can pick up a pair (well… some of you).
A unique white and green colorway featuring both elephant print, and a little bit of reptile print on the toe area definitely set this colorway apart from other 2.5’s. Not to mention “Sugar Ray” stitched into the upper ankle.
Thanks to FootLockerUnlocked, you can scoop these up at any of the House of Hoops locations (NY, LA, CHI) starting on December 27th.
Gotta say… I love that "Sugar Ray" stitching. I'm a huge fan of simpler shoe designs… so this is right up my alley. Check out NiceKicks.com for more photos of the shoe.
Like this Article? Share it!.
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Datamob / Datasets
Reddit Article Voting Data
Article voting data from social news site Reddit.
"The dump is 29MB gzip compressed and contains 7,405,561 votes from 31,927 users over 2,046,401 links. It contains votes only from users with the preference "make my votes public" turned on (which is not the default)."
Compiled by David King of Reddit.
URL http://www.reddit.com/r/redditdev/com...
Added 15 May 2010
Tags recommendation, news, social networks, media, machine learning.
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inrfpyd2wlygfl7xhpopaagpd7dwsn4n_1
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Friday, February 25, 2011
Black Feminist Book Club: Black male freedom = black female subjugation?
This year, I pledged to read more black feminist writing and I invited What Tami Said readers to join me. Right now, our Black Feminist Book Club is reading When and Where I Enter by Paula Giddings. I welcome guest submissions on the content and themes of this book.
Below is an excerpt about how, during times of black radicalism, patriarchal insistence on lesser freedom for black women and girls increases. In these times, true freedom and equality for the black man has been presented, as contingent, in part, on his ability to "master" the black woman in the same way white men are believed to "master" white women in a sexist mainstream society.
Sadly, I think, more than 100 years on, this thinking still lives in the black community. What do you think?
****************************************
The incidents can be seen in the context of the heightened militancy of Blacks in the late forties and fifties. The Fugitive Slave Law, the repeal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision had all served to push even the most sanguine activists, such as Frederick Douglass, to call for the violent overthrow of the slave system. In periods of Black radicalism, which always includes a self-conscious quest for manhood, Black men attempt to exercise their male prerogatives more vigorously.
This dynamic was evident in the Revolutionary period, when “manumission fever” was in the air. A petition for freedom presented by male slaves to the Massachusetts legislature in 1773 was especially revealing. The men asked for freedom on the grounds that as slaves they had no authority over their families. “How can a husband leave master and work and cleave to his wife?” the petition read in part. “How can the wife submit themselves to [their] husbands in all things?”9 (Emphasis added.)
Male attitudes in the mid-nineteenth century, when Black militancy was at its peak, also reflected a sharpened resolve to take possession of that which had been denied to them. In 1855 a Black convention of male leaders declared that “As a people, we have been denied the ownership of our bodies, our wives, home, children and the products of our own labor.” The convention men resolved to “vindicate our manhood, command our respect and claim the attention and admiration of the civilized world.”10
That vindication included establishing conventional patriarchal relationships, and women were expected to help in this effort. In contrast to the views that Maria Stewart had expressed twenty-four years earlier, a Philadelphia convention resolved:
…we recommend to our mothers and our sisters to use every honorable means to secure for their sons and brothers places of profit and trust in stores and other places of business, such as will throw a halo around this proscribed people.11 (Emphasis added.)
To men’s minds, for a woman to work—especially when it wasn’t a question of dire necessity—undermined Black manhood and the race as well. “As an evidence of the deep degradation of our race,” observed the Black physician and newspaper editor Martin Delany in 1855, “there are among us [women] whose husbands are industrious, able and willing to support them, who voluntarily leave home and become chamber maids, and stewardesses…in all probability to enable them to obtain more fine or costly articles of dress or furniture.”12 Delany was convinced that racial progress depended on rectifying that situation. “Until colored men attain to a position above permitting their mothers, sisters, wives and daughters to do the drudgery of…other men’s wives and daughters,” he said, “it is useless, it is nonsense…to talk about equality and elevation in society. (pg. 60, When and Where I Enter, Paula Giddings)
LinkWithin.
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101 reputation
2
bio website matthamilton.net
location Albury, Australia
age 40
visits member for 2 years, 1 month
seen Jun 11 '12 at 9:25
stats profile views 0
Follow me on Twitter!
Check out my hobby projects:
Comicster
A free, open-source WPF application to manage your comic-book collection.
Halfwit
A minimalist, open-source, WPF Twitter client.
Budgie
A simple, asynchronous Twitter library for .NET 4 and up.
MadProps.AppArgs
A library to parse command-line or ClickOnce-URI arguments into an instance of a class.
MadProps.MvvmLight
A contrib project to add co-routine support to the MVVM Light Toolkit.
Feel free to contact me directly (mabster -at- madprops.org).
@mabster
Google+
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Copyright and MLibrary Document Delivery
How does copyright affect my interlibrary loan or 7FAST request?
As part of an academic library, the University of Michigan Interlibrary Loan often has some rights under the U.S. Copyright Act (Sections 107 and 108) to make copies which support the University’s research, education, and other scholarly needs. However, when you place an interlibrary loan or 7FAST request, some restrictions apply to our ability to copy an article or book chapter(s) for you:
• We cannot copy an entire book or more than a “small portion” of a book.
• We cannot copy multiple articles from a single journal volume if the total number of pages scanned is more than a “small portion” of a volume.
• We cannot store electronic copies on our server for more than a short period of time. You have 14 days or 5 views to access your pdf copy.
Typically when a copy of an article or book chapter is made, the copyright holder of that work has the right to set a copyright fee that must be paid to them. When adhering to these limits and providing copies to our University under the allowable uses, the Library is permitted to make copies of a “small portion” without contacting the copyright holder.
What is a “small portion”? – Good question. There is no magic formula that can determine the exact amount that equals a “small portion”. We know this can be frustrating, and if you’d like to learn more, please go to http://www.lib.umich.edu/copyright/section-108
What if my request exceeds the Library’s limit to provide copies?
If your request exceeds the limits of what the Library can copy, we will cancel your request and you will receive a notification by email. Don’t panic! There are some other options available to you:
• Come view a book or journal in person at the library.
• Request that the library deliver the entire book to you instead of scanning it.
• Request that the library purchase a book or journal.
• Speak with a representative from the UM Library Copyright Office to learn about your copyright abilities as an individual; copyright@umich.edu
Page maintained by Ralph Johnson
Last modified: 04/18/2011.
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ARGOSTOLI
ARGOSTOLI, Greece
Travel Blogs from ARGOSTOLI
ARGOSTOLI Travel Blogs (13)
THE FESTIVAL DAY AT THE ISLAND OF KEFALONIA
A travel blog entry by greekcypriot
11
... to call a taxi and leave but I found out that I had to pay about 30 euros to be driven to the hotel, as the taxi would come from Argostoli, and we were in the middle of nowhere! I was patient until 2.30 and then luckily all decided to leave! ...
ARGOSTOLI THE CAPITAL OF KEFALONIA-(wedding video)
A travel blog entry by greekcypriot
20
... centre, and has beautiful neo-classical buildings. It is a modern city with a remarkable historic and cultural tradition. Argostoli is built amphitheatrically with a view to the Lagoon of Koutavos, overlooks the fir tree-covered Aenos. SPOTS WORTH ...
Argostoli
A travel blog entry by yoniyahav
6
... to Greece. She offered to find me a place to stay that night and we met after their work hours at the main square. Argostoli was the only city on the island where you could see local young people; and there was a unique sense of liveliness that I ...
What will we find in Argostoli??
A travel blog entry by anchors-away
We're not sure what's in Argostolli - but we're going to find ....
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Showcase & Discover Creative Work Sign Up For Free
Hiring Talent? Post a Job
Bēhance
Atlastand
• G830
• F610
• D0
• Atlastand
Site design and development
• Atlastand trusted us to design and build their site, a company tha build products for advertising in different stores .
See it live here... www.atlastand.gr.
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Twins deal Ramos for closer Capps
The Twins traded top prospect Wilson Ramos to the Nationals for closer Matt Capps.
• Live
2 Total Updates since July 30, 2010
• Important 1
• Updates 2
• All Updates 2
Everybody hates this deal
I was looking forward to the reaction to this deal... and the Twins blogosphere has not disappointed.
At TwinsCentric, Parker Hageman thinks the deal was stupid:
By his own admission, Twins general manager Bill Smith seemed to grasp the absurdity of overpaying at the trade deadline. “There is a fine line between patience and impatience or patience and panic,” He told MLB.com’s Kelly Thesier, “You don’t want to overreact either way.”
Nevertheless, Smith ignored this philosophy by shipping his number one trading chip in Wilson Ramos to Washington for closer in Matt Capps. It’s basically like encouraging everyone at a party to behave like responsible adults then jump in to the pool with a lampshade on your head.
Aaron Gleeman isn't a fan, either:
No one would ever suggest that trading Ramos for a reliever who's slightly better than Rauch is a sound idea, yet by focusing on the save statistic the Twins have done just that and many fans will instinctively be on board with the move for an "established closer." Now, don't get me wrong: Capps is a quality reliever and represents a clear upgrade to the Twins' bullpen. What he's not is an elite reliever or enough of an upgrade to part with Ramos.
And John Bonnes minces no words by titling his post "Eight things I HATE about the Capps-Ramos trade":
The Twins just traded their best trade chip to add the fifth best reliever to their bullpen. What’s more, two weeks ago it appeared that the Twins could’ve had Cliff Lee for Wilson Ramos and Aaron Hicks – and now the Twins have Matt Capps and Aaron Hicks. Plus, it appears our hope that the Twins have money to spend at the trade deadline might have been misplaced. And, of course, there are only 36 hours until the trade deadline.
Geez, guys, tell us how you really feel. Over at Twinkie Town, Stu has collected a whole host of reactions.
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Help Wikitravel grow by contributing to an article! Learn how.
Masset
From Wikitravel
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Masset is a town in the Haida Gwaii.
[edit] Understand
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Personal tools
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In other languages.
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Tell me more ×
Audio-Video Production Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for engineers, producers, editors, and enthusiasts spanning the fields of audio, video, and media creation. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I own a M-Audio Axiom which I plug into my MacBook Pro to use MainStage (part of Logic Studio). Recently I bought an iPad and downloaded some "controller apps". What most surprised my is that those apps send MIDI data over wi-fi to my Mac. No USB connection needed.
After seeing the light, I'm now wanting to eliminate as much cables from my setup as possible. So, I'm looking for a MIDI controller keyboard (similar to Axiom) which connects to a wi-fi network and sends all MIDI data over wi-fi.
I've googled for it, but found nothing. Does anyone know a controller with such capabilities?
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 6 down vote accepted
The CME UF-series keyboards support a built-in MIDI-over-wireless system.
My first guess was the Rockband wireless keyboard. Unfortunately, it doesn't appear to transmit MIDI data over its bluetooth connection.
If you are up for a DIY project, here are some instructions on building a wireless MIDI link using XBee radios. Should be able to fit inside the case of most MIDI controllers.
The EMU Shortboard and Longboard are worth a look. They can be wireless and can run on batteries.
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Monterey pine
Pinus radiata D. Don
Descriptor: Twig(s)/Shoot(s)
Description: Branch
Image type: Field
Image location: Hosmers Grove, Maui, Hawaii, United States
Photographer Information
Name: Forest and Kim Starr
Organization: Starr Environmental
Country: United States
More Images:
Image Number: 5421452
Light Box(?)
For Batch Downloading, Requesting Commercial Use,
Creating Presentations, and Creating Image Collections
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Image Use:(?) You must attribute the work in the manner specified (but not in any way that suggests endorsement).
Image Citation:(?) Forest and Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org
Node Affiliation: University of Georgia
Available Images Resolutions:
(Download only - Use Light Box for Requests)
Image uploaded on Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Image Information last updated on Tuesday, May 04, 2010.
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Archive for the ‘4) NonMuslims’ Category
Sharia Law For Non-Muslims
CHAPTER 4 – FAMILY LAW
ISLAMIC SCHOLARS CLAIM: The perfect Islamic family law is sacred law since it is based upon the words of Allah in the glorious Koran and the Sunna of Mohammed. All other laws are man-made and must submit to the will of Allah; therefore, only Sharia law is suitable for Muslims. For Muslims to be ruled by Kafir laws is an abomination.
THE SHARIA:
m3.13 Guardians are of two types, those who may compel their female charges to marry someone, and those who may not.
m6.10 It is unlawful for a free man to marry more than four women.
m8.2 A guardian may not marry his prepubescent daughter to someone for less than the amount typically received as marriage payment by similar brides
ADULTERY
[Bukhari 3,38,508] Mohammed said, “Unais, confront this man’s wife and if she admits committing adultery have her stoned to death.”
[Bukhari 8,82,803] Ali had a woman stoned to death on a Friday and said, “I have punished her as Mohammed would have.”
ml0.4 The husband may forbid his wife to leave the home. But if one of her relatives dies, it is preferable to let her leave to visit them.
m5.0 conjugal rights, the wife’s marital obligations
m5.1 It is obligatory for a woman to let her husband have sex with her immediately when:
(a) he asks her
(b) at home
(c) and she can physically endure it
[Abu Dawud 11, 2138; 2139] Muawiyah said: Apostle of Allah, how should we approach our wives and how should we leave them? He replied: Approach your tilth (tilth is a plowed field, a term for the vagina) when or how you will, …
The most important thing that a woman brings to the marriage is her vagina.
[Bukhari 7,62,81] Mohammed said, “The marriage vow most rightly expected to be obeyed is the husband’s right to enjoy the wife’s vagina.”
Allah curses the woman who resists sex.
[Bukhari 7,62,121] Mohammed: “If a woman refuses her husband’s request for sex, the angels will curse her through the night.”
From the Sira, we have some more about a husband’s rights:
Ishaq 957 Mohammed sent Muadh to Yemen to proselytize. While he was there he was asked what rights a husband has over the wife. He replied to the woman who asked, “If you went home and found your husband’s nose running with pus and blood and you sucked it until it was cleaned, you still would not have fulfilled your husband’s rights.”
CHILD BRIDES
Mohammed, age 51, proposed marriage to Aisha when she was six years old. Marriage to a child is Sunna.
[Bukhari 7,62,18] When Mohammed asked Abu Bakr for Aisha’s hand in marriage, Abu replied, “But I am your brother.” Mohammed said, “You are only my brother in Allah’s religion and His Book, so it is lawful for me to marry her.”
Publication notice: this book is now available to buy on our website HERE.
You can see the entire book on pdf HERE.
Bill Warner, Center for the Study of Political Islam
Permalink
copyright (c) CBSX, LLC.
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Results 1 to 2 of 2
1. Thread Author #1
AT&T Galaxy S3 - Help with S Memo
The "help" and tutorial with S Memo on my S3 aren't helpful at all! Does anyone know of a website with the information?
Specifically, I want to know how to "select", cut and paste or delete sections of a memo. Sometimes the select or a set of brackets appears but I have no idea how they got there.
2. #2
Posts
241 Posts
Global Posts
274 Global Posts
Re: AT&T Galaxy S3 - Help with S Memo
open a memo, if the edit mode icon is not visible in the upper left, you will first need to press the down arrow in the upper right, then press the edit mode icon in the upper left, a box with "edit mode" will briefly appear followed by the keyboard, long press on a word or number and the arrows for selection will appear along with a tool bar at the top of the memo.
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Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Android Central.
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atfexbhpdkpbdatywlqz4qit5ov5cnxo_1
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101 reputation
2
bio website japanese.stackexchange.com/…
location Alabama
age 27
visits member for 1 year, 2 months
seen Oct 11 at 14:46
stats profile views 0
I became a programmer just a few years ago, and my agenda has always been to eventually make indie games and use them for missions work. At this time though, I generally work on jail and prison sotware, using predominantly ActionScript 3.0 and Visual Basic .NET. Generally I work with video chat and monitoring software, often including a logistical interface for operators at the facilities. I hope to eventually use the valuable experience from my current job as a springboard for my long-term goals as a programmer and a Christian.
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11
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comment What are the differences between じ and ぢ, and ず and づ?
Great question! I just now saw ぢ and realized that it virtually never gets mentioned in language books (at least if they're not upper-level) and needed to learn it..
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
A society that presumes a norm of violence and celebrates aggression, whether in the subway, on the football field, or in the conduct of its business, cannot help making celebrities of the people who would destroy it. Lapham, Lewis H.
Make a fabulous personalised bracelet or other form of jewellery with this quote
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A selection of more great products and gifts!
212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this ».
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k74ujvurkrsvm45tkbztbr2mvrs3atqq_1
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SK2983 : Pub and former tollhouse, Ringinglow
near to Fulwood, Sheffield, Great Britain
Pub and former tollhouse, Ringinglow
The tollhouse was for travellers along Houndkirk Road, which crossed the moors ultimately en route for Chapel-en-le-Frith.
© Copyright Andrew Hill and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.
year taken
2012
TIP: Click the map for Large scale mapping
Change to interactive Map >
Grid Square
SK2983, 26 images (more nearby)
Photographer
(find more nearby)
Image classification?
Geograph
Date Taken
Thursday, 6 September, 2012 (more nearby)
Submitted
Friday, 7 September, 2012
Geographical Context
Village, Rural settlement Roads, Road transport
Former (from Tags)
Toll House
Place (from Tags)
Ringinglow
Subject Location
OSGB36: SK 2908 8371 [10m precision]
WGS84: 53:20.9691N 1:33.8774W
Photographer Location
OSGB36: SK 2907 8366
View Direction
NORTH (about 0 degrees)
Looking for a postcode? Try this page
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Other Tags
Pub Road Village
Click a tag, to view other nearby images.
This page has been viewed about 14 times.
View this location: KML (Google Earth) · Google Maps · OS Map Checksheet · Geograph Map · More Links for this image
NW N NE
W Go E
SW S SE
[Mark
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Revision history of "Category:LS-WVL"
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(March 1996)
Acclaim, 1992 Series
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indicia scan for X-O Manowar (1992 series) #60
The image has a size of 1830 x 134 pixels. Click on the image to view it in full.
replace scan of indicia / delete scan of indicia
add scan of statement of ownership.
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Gallery
Spider-Woman (Jessica Drew) Back to Spider-Woman (Jessica Drew)
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Click thru the image gallery for Spider-Woman (Jessica Drew) pictures and photos.
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Holiday Motel
5801 Main Street, Amherst, New York, 14221, United States | Motel
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Travel Blogs from Amherst
Niagara Falls and the last days of Green Tortoise
A travel blog entry by thekestevens
14
... does not currently have a simple visa agreement with Canada. He's one of those adventurous kinds of guys, and had an idea he wouldn't be allowed in but came along just in case things had changed. The view of the falls from Canada is much more spectacular than from the US side and the Canadians have made maximal use of this fact. Their side of the border is a huge casino town with 'glamourous' buildings and endless tourist traps, while the US ...
Niagara Falls
A travel blog entry by travelswithduke
20
... considerably improved from our prior visit. The entire US Park Service has done a wonderful job updating and improving our national parks and historic sites. The tourist stuff at Niagara is there but not as close to the falls as you would think. We drove on to a nice state park on the lake just south of ...
Niagra Falls at night and first night of camping
A travel blog entry by chez123
... they seem to be a lot stricter with Fabien, our Dutch contingent. The Falls are beautiful at night:
Unfortunately the memory is tainted slightly by the drunk guy in the car park lying by a pool of sick. We checked, he wasn't dead so we just called a cop over instead. Good luck with the hangover buddy!
We head back shattered and straight to bed for our first night of ...
Niagara falls
A travel blog entry by tano.chidwick
9
... did see American falls though, and it was almost as amazing. The sense of helplessness as I stood near it was almost overwhelming, and the noise was deafening. Hopefully the pictures will speak for themselves, although some may be blurry. Enjoy ...
Niagara
A travel blog entry by gemma_doogal
21
... American wooden rocking chair on it looking over a residential street. The owner of the hostel lived there and it felt like a proper home with a big kitchen which we had full use of. Although there were 4 beds in our room, as the hostel wasn't full and we had the room to ourselves.
After having dinner at the hostel we walked back to falls to see thmn from the US side by night. The falls had lights shining on them that slowly changed colour, which looked ...
Location
This motel, located on 5801 Main Street, Amherst, is near Lancaster Opera House, Grover Cleveland Golf Course, Anderson Gallery, and auto..
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Other places to stay in Amherst
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One Flint Road, Amherst | 1 star motel
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4400 Maple Road, Amherst | 1 star motel
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• Boulevard Inn
785 Niagara Falls Boulevard, Amherst | Motel
from $55
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Species
Call for preserving biological diversity
Algal diversity supports healthful aquatic ecosystems. Source: NSF; Credit: D. Bennett.
Two decades after Rio Earth Summit, scientists recommend international efforts to halt biodiversity losses. Such loss is compromising nature's ability to provide goods and services essential for human well-being, the scientists say.
Ecologists Call for Preservation of
Planet's Remaining Biological Diversity
Twenty years after the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, 17 ecologists are calling for renewed international efforts to curb the loss of Earth's biological diversity. The loss is compromising nature's ability to provide goods and services essential for human well-being, the scientists say.
Over the past two decades, strong scientific evidence has emerged showing that decline of the world's biological diversity reduces the productivity and sustainability of ecosystems, according to an international team led by the University of Michigan's Bradley Cardinale. It also decreases ecosystems' ability to provide society with goods and services like food, wood, fodder, fertile soils and protection from pests and disease.
Reef fishes, corals, Hawaiian Islands. Credit: J. Watt. "Water purity, food production and air quality are easy to take for granted, but all are largely provided by communities of organisms," said George Gilchrist, program director in the National Science Foundation's Division of Environmental Biology, which funded the research. "This paper demonstrates that it is not simply the quantity of living things, but their species, genetic and trait biodiversity, that influences the delivery of many essential 'ecosystem services.'''
Human actions are dismantling ecosystems, resulting in species extinctions at rates several orders of magnitude faster than observed in the fossil record. If the nations of the world make biodiversity an international priority, the scientists say, there's still time to conserve much of the remaining variety of life--and possibly to restore much of what's been lost. The researchers present their findings in the journal Nature. The paper is a scientific consensus statement that summarizes evidence from more than 1,000 ecological studies over the last two decades.
"Much as consensus statements by doctors led to public warnings that tobacco use is harmful to your health, this is a consensus statement that loss of Earth's wild species will be harmful to the world's ecosystems and may harm society by reducing ecosystem services that are essential to human health and prosperity," said Cardinale. "We need to take biodiversity loss far more seriously--from individuals to international governing bodies--and take greater action to prevent further losses of species."
An estimated nine million species of plants, animals, protists and fungi inhabit the Earth, sharing it with some seven billion people. The call to action comes as international leaders prepare to gather in Rio de Janeiro on June 20-22 for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, known as the Rio+20 Conference. The upcoming conference marks the 20th anniversary of the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio, which resulted in 193 nations supporting the Convention on Biological Diversity's goals of biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources. The 1992 Earth Summit caused an explosion of interest in understanding how biodiversity loss might affect the dynamics and functioning of ecosystems, as well as the supply of goods and services of value to society.
In the Nature paper, the scientists review published studies on the topic and list six consensus statements, four emerging trends, and four "balance of evidence" statements. The balance of evidence shows, for example, that genetic diversity increases the yield of commercial crops, enhances the production of wood in tree plantations, improves the production of fodder in grasslands, and increases the stability of yields in fisheries.
Australian rain forest creek. Increased plant diversity results in greater resistance to invasion by exotic plants, inhibits plant pathogens such as fungal and viral infections, increases above-ground carbon sequestration through enhanced biomass, and increases nutrient remineralization and soil organic matter.
"No one can agree on what exactly will happen when an ecosystem loses a species, but most of us agree that it's not going to be good," said Shahid Naeem of Columbia University, a co-author of the paper. "And we agree that if ecosystems lose most of their species, it will be a disaster." "Twenty years and a thousand studies later, what the world thought was true in Rio in 1992 has finally been proven: biodiversity underpins our ability to achieve sustainable development," Naeem said. Despite far-reaching support for the Convention on Biological Diversity, biodiversity loss has continued over the last two decades, often at increasing rates.
In response, a new set of diversity-preservation goals for 2020, known as the Aichi targets, was recently formulated. And a new international body called the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services was formed in April 2012 to guide a global response toward sustainable management of the world's biodiversity and ecosystems. Significant gaps in the science behind biological diversity remain and must be addressed if the Aichi targets are to be met, the scientists write in their paper.
"This paper is important both because of what it shows we know, and what it shows we don't know," said David Hooper of Western Washington University, one of the co-authors. "Several of the key questions we outline help point the way for the next generation of research on how changing biodiversity affects human well-being."
Without an understanding of the fundamental ecological processes that link biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services, attempts to forecast the societal consequences of diversity loss, and to meet policy objectives, are likely to fail, the ecologists write. "But with that fundamental understanding in hand, we may yet bring the modern era of biodiversity loss to a safe end for humanity," they conclude.
In addition to Cardinale, Naeem and Hooper, co-authors of the Nature paper are: J. Emmett Duffy of The College of William and Mary; Andrew Gonzalez of McGill University; Charles Perrings and Ann P. Kinzig of Arizona State University; Patrick Venail and Anita Narwani of the University of Michigan; Georgina M. Mace of Imperial College London; David Tilman of the University of Minnesota; David A. Wardle of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Gretchen C. Daily of Stanford University; Michel Loreau of the National Centre for Scientific Research in Moulis, France; James B. Grace of the U.S. Geological Survey; Anne Larigauderie of the National Museum of Natural History in Rue Cuvier, France; and Diane Srivastava of the University of British Columbia.
-NSF-
June 6, 2012
Media Contacts
Glossary
Citation
Foundation, N. (2013). Call for preserving biological diversity. Retrieved from http://www.eoearth.org/view/news/51cbf3517896bb431f6ac870.
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Big Top Pee-Wee
Movie (1988)
A struggling circus blows into town in the middle of a storm, and lands on a farm owned by the childlike Pee-Wee Herman : who generously allows the performers to stage a show on his property. Cult American comedy with a distinctly odd feel, starring Paul Reubens, Kris Kristofferson, Valeria Golino and Penelope Ann Miller
• Audience
31%
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• Critics
35%
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Tell me more ×
Stack Overflow is a question and answer site for professional and enthusiast programmers. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I am running this piece of code on a hardware.
unsigned char *buf;
buf = malloc(sizeof(int));
printf("Address of buf %d\n" , &buf);
if(!buf)
return MEMORYALLOC_FAILURE;
The malloc is returning negative value. What could be the problem?
share|improve this question
add comment
5 Answers
Address returned by malloc is not negative or positive, it just address, use %p to print it, not %d:
printf("Address of buf %p\n" , &buf);
And if you want to print the address returned from malloc, remove the ampersand:
printf("Address of buf %p\n" , buf);
share|improve this answer
add comment
You're printing the address of a memory location as a signed integer. If the memory address--for example on a 32bit machine--is more than 2,147,483,647 (0x7FFFFFFF) it will display as a negative number.
In this case you're also printing the address of a local variable on the stack rather than the address returned by malloc.
The error with using %d to print a pointer-sized value is that pointers may vary in size. The correct approach therefore would be to use the printf specifier for pointers, %p:
// nb: we don't take the address of buf,
// buf is already a pointer (thus its *value* is an address)
printf("Address of buf %p\n", buf);
share|improve this answer
add comment
Type mismatch:
you try to print an address with the specifier for an int ("%d"). You should use "%p" and cast the value to void*
printf("Address of buf %p\n" , (void*)&buf);
Also note the above will not tell you where the allocated memory is. For that you'd need
printf("Address of newly allocated memory %p\n" , (void*)buf);
The cast to void* is mandated by the C99 standard (emphasis is mine)
The argument shall be a pointer to void. The value of the pointer is converted to a sequence of printing characters, in an implementation-defined manner.
Also note that pointers to void need not have the same representation as pointers to other types.
share|improve this answer
add comment
malloc returns either NULL (aka 0) or a memory address. Memory addresses cannot be negative. You just converted the pointer itself to a number, resulting in a negative number.
share|improve this answer
add comment
malloc returns a pointer. It never returns a negative value. If you think it is then you probably have a broken everything. On the other hand if you mean it returns a null pointer, then it means you are unable to allocate that memory.
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• Call Number: ENG007_c0483
Container: N/A
A study of turbulent boundary layer models
1 item
This collection is stored at Engineering Library.
Material may be viewed at Technical and Scientific Reports, Engineering Library Reading Room.
Identifier: Report no. 914
Creator: Herring, H. James.
Creator: Mellor, G.L..
Collection Creator: Princeton University. Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering..
Dates: 1970 May.
Extent: 1 item
Languages: English.
Access Restrictions
No access restrictions have been specified.
Preferred Citation
A study of turbulent boundary layer models; 1970 May; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Reports, Technical and Scientific Reports, Engineering Library, Princeton University Library..
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Main Street Inn and Suites
P.O. Box 178, Mackinac Island, Michigan, 49757, United States | Hotel
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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*Prices above are provided by partners for one room, double occupancy and do not include all taxes and fees. Please see our partners for full details.
Travel Blogs from Mackinac Island
Keweenaw Brewery Red Jacket Amber Ale
A travel blog entry by lonlucy
1
Great Lakes golden perch lunch for Linda and Cuban Pork sandwich for Lon. Across the street is Lake Huron and view of Mackinac Island - will visit tomorrow by ferry - for fudge no doubt! Our first attempt at logging our travels this fall 2013 with the aide of Red Jacket Amber Ale for ...
It is really only one lake: Michigan & Huron
A travel blog entry by connieandjimmer
3
After departing Alpena with following John & Rita we followed highway 23 through Cheboygan to the bridge. Connie got a great picture of the magnificent bridge as we crossed it onto the Upper Peninsula (UP), beginning our Yooper experience. Both Lake Michigan and Lake Huron are really only one body of water, sharing the same water level elevation.
...
Trip to Mackinaw City and Mackinac Island
A travel blog entry by margotsilva
20
Another remote park, small but very nice with spectacular waterfront sites on Lake Michigan so we are looking straight out over the water, Can’t get in our heads that we are on a
lake. “Can’t see the other side, nothing but water”.
We went into Mackinaw City on Lake Huron to check it out and to get a schedule for the Mackinac Islands ferry. We had ok pizza at Nonna’s Pizza Restaurant. Very neat, clean ...
Mackinac Island
A travel blog entry by danbren
23
... We opted for lunch alongside the tea room, as the buffet was $40 a pop. Formal wear is proscribed after six, but I'd do it just to get at that dinner menu... The time to stay here is at the end do the season when it goes on the American Plan-with 3 meals included. Several movies have been filmed here, the last being Steeve Reeves and Jane Seymore in Somewhere in Time ...
Freezing on the Mackinac Bridge
A travel blog entry by muggeragem
5
Late start today 10:30 am after my morning coffee from my favourite Coffee Shop. Strangest thing at the US border, the Customs Officer just asked what was the Province of my plate, checked my ID then told me to go! Was the easiest crossing ever. Planned on getting to St Ignace and made it at 6:45pm. In Michigan traveled @ 70mph and the further North I went the colder it ...
How has this hotel rated in the past?
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Discover trends in hotel experiences based on real traveler reviews and ratings. Mouse over circles to see what some travelers had to say.
Location
This hotel, located on P.O. Box 178, Mackinac Island, is near Fort Mackinac, Arch Rock, Mackinac Island Butterfly House, and Wings of Mackinac Butterfly Conservatory.
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Historical Traveler Reviews Main Street Inn and Suites Mackinac Island
Wonderful room, iffy location
from
We stayed 3 nights at the Main Street Inn and Suites. We had a 2-room suite with a bay window overlooking Main Street and a VERY small balcony. The bedroom had 2 queen beds furnished with above average mattresses, pillow and linens with a ceiling fan. The bathroom had a large whirlpool tub and wonderful water pressure, with large towels and bathrobes. The living area was spacious and comfortable with a sofa, coffee table, and two oversize chairs. It also had a bar with a small refrigerator, and a small table with two chairs for eating, etc. Everyting, including the lobby areas, was well-maintained and extremely clean. The staff was very friendly and helpful with suggestions for dinners, tours, etc.
Very Pleasant Stay
from
I just returned from a two day trip to Mackinac Island. I was looking for an inexpensive, up-to-date hotel in the heart of Main Street... and "Main Street Inn and Suites" was all of that and more! For less than $150 I was able to book an interior room for one night. This room did not have a window; however, it had a wonderful skylight that allowed light in and out just at the touch of a button. In addition, the room had granite counters, a refrigerator, and coffee maker. Also, at the end of the stay they provided complementary fudge from Joann's. I also peeked into some of the other rooms and they were equally impressive. For the price, the interior rooms can not be beat but the larger suites are a nice option if you're planning to stay longer than a night or two.
Best Hotel at a Good Price
from
The Main Street is the newest hotel on the island, and it shows. The entire facility is spotless, the rooms are large and well appointed (granite bath counters, anyone?), it has an elevator and bicycle parking in the basement. And it's one of the less expensive properties on the island. That's the basic rooms - the suites overlooking main street and the harbor are larger, nicer, and have a beautiful view from the private balcony. All this, and the rates are on the low side.
What do you give up? You're not staying at a historic hotel, in a smaller room at a higher price. Breakfast is not included, and there is no onsite restaurant. But food is just steps away outside the front door.
I will surely stay there again.
Convenient stay
from
We had a "girls weekend" during the Lilac Festival. The room was very clean and the staff very helpfu and nice. I would recommend this hotel to anyone planning to stay on the island. We did actually have an interior room w/a sky light, but for the amount of time we were in the room it was not an issue and the sky light made it seem very bright.
Great value, great service
from
I was looking for a new place to stay on the island this year and gave Main Street Inn a try. What a great place! The exterior double queen room was beautifully decorated in Victorian style. There was plenty of space. The room had built-in air conditioning, not the window unit some hotels have. The staff was friendly and helpful. They left a chunk of fudge for us each night at turndown service. The second floor had a pool table, board games, a tv and sitting area. You can rent a DVD player for the day for $5. The movie rentals were all kids stuff, though, so you might bring a few from your collection. All in all, comfortable, beautiful and I'll definitely stay there again.
A fine hotel
from
Modern, yet classic hotel. One of the finest places to stay on Mackinac Island.
The best place to stay on the island!
from
We have stayed in many of the hotels on the island over the years and this is by far the best. The rooms are beautifully decorated(really the nicest rooms I have ever encountered in a hotel), the beds are extremely comfortable, and it has air-conditioning(a rare feature in many island hotels). The service is outstanding as well,from the front desk staff to the housekeepers that make every effort to make you feel welcome. We are planning to return next year!
Great hotel for great price
from
We stayed at the Main Street Inn for 2 nights in early September, 2005. We had a Deluxe Standard room, which was on an exterior wall and had a window, though it was a small window with a bad view. It did let in some light though. The room was small, but then most rooms on Mackinac are fairly small. It was immaculately clean and attractively furnished, with quilts on the bed, wicker chairs, etc. The staff was friendly, although I wouldn't call service exceptional. We heard complaints from people in other hotels on the island about their rooms being miniscule, loud from street noise and next door rooms, and way overpriced for what you got. Since we weren't on a street side I can't comment on that, but I do know there was a couple in the room next to us and we never heard a thing from them.
Nice inexpensive place (relative to the other hotel!)
from
The people at the front desk were really nice, and our room was very clean. We had a king-sized bed with a little sitting area. Nothing out-of-this world, but fine and relatively inexpensive compared to toher Mackinac Island hotels.
Loved the island in general. Definately recommend a bike ride around the island, and the pub/oyster bar.
Very welcoming and memorable...
from
My friends surprised me w/a 35th B-day party, and what a party it was. The suites are beautiful w/a private proch and view of the water and Main street. Rooms are decked out in wonderful furnishings w/the most comfortable beds ever. Every night we had turn-down service w/chocolate's and the cleaning serivce found out it was my birthday and provided us with some unique gifts. The staff was wonderful, and the owner even gave us complimentary fudge when he found out is was my birthday. They truely made it very special for us. In fact we will be returning in October again.
TripAdvisor Reviews Main Street Inn and Suites Mackinac Island
Outstanding.
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About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents
ISRN Toxicology
Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 702372, 6 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/702372
Review Article
A Review of the Predictive Role of Plasma D-Lactate Level in Acute Appendicitis: A Myth or Truth?
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Ozel Ege Saglik Hospital, Universal Hospitals Group, Alsancak, 35220 Izmir, Turkey
2Department of Emergency Medicine, Acibadem University, 34140 Istanbul, Turkey
Received 10 June 2011; Accepted 8 August 2011
Academic Editors: M. Pacheco, P. Scheepers, and B. Yucesoy
Copyright © 2011 Pinar Unverir and Ozgur Karcioglu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Acute appendicitis (AA) is a common condition which warrants emergency surgery. Detailed history, physical exam, and laboratory findings are often nonspecific in suspected patients. There is substantial evidence to indicate that plasma levels of D-lactate were useful to establish a diagnosis of AA in the medical literature. It has been suggested that it is useful for patients with abdominal pain, especially patients with perforated AA. This paper is designed to highlight the value of D-lactate biomarker in establishing a diagnosis of AA. Based on the literature, it is not helpful for a decision of operation in patients with AA. According to the results of the studies, laboratory involvement was observed between plasma D-lactate level and the final diagnosis of AA, particularly in perforated appendices. It can be considered for routine use in patients with undifferentiated abdominal pain in the emergency department setting..
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I suspect that is we simply use a bucket load of redirect pages we will be halfway to where we need to be. It is more work for those who compile, but of course this project is really "about" the users. For them this should be a seamless and natural exercise.
Paul in Saudi's Inaugural Address I like how that sounds.
[[PaulinSaudi 11:55, 29 May 2004 (UTC)]]
Sorry, but I couldn't pass up the excellent opportunity that you gave me to be sarcastic. :-) ...but I will resist the temptation to change this one into an "inaugural address".
It's hard to impose uniformity when everyone wants to wear a different uniform. I do like to look on the positive side of things. Of the five points above, we only seriously disagreed on one. I think we also agree that some level of uniformity would be a good thing. It can sometimes resemble an exercise in herding cats. It is about the users, but if we are to consider whether a particular redirect should be used we need to consider whether a user could reasonably be expected to search with that format.
You have been providing some excellent content. That's the important part of your effort, and I have seen very little need to change the content. Our differences have been over the way these things are formatted and linked. I've agreed with some of your proposals, but not others. Attaining uniformity will be a matter of long term convergence rather than imposition. Eclecticology 18:17, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
New default style
Someone has changed the default style of Wikisource. And this is very unfortunate, because:
1. the default style should use the default browser font, and nothing else
2. the style sheet lists Verdana as the font to use (after Bitstream). This is totally unacceptable, because of a serious bug in that font (see Verdana). — Monedula 21:38, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
Wikipedia and Categories
A couple of weeks ago we discussed creating a new pseudonamespace. However, now Wikipedia has come along and implemented something better, with its category feature. Would it be possible to get that here as well? Ambivalenthysteria 07:40, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)
How does it work? Is there an explanation somewhere?[[PaulinSaudi 14:14, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)]]
I've been hesitant to comment on this until I fully understand how it functions. It is in fact fully operational here without our ever asking. I just checked and after about one week Wikipedia managed to generate 2127 categories. There is considerable discussion at. Additionally, there are corresponding pages in six other languages. Brief technical instructions on using categories can be found at m:MediaWiki User's Guide: Using Categories. There are further links from the Wikipedia:Categorization page.
The categories discussion went on for a long time before it was implemented, but the emphasis was more on the general idea, and its technical functioning. The sudden eruption of 2127 (just looked again, 2140) categories leaves me concerned about how organized the organization process really is. At least the process there needs time to settle down.
The new category system has clear advantages. What we need to consider is how will that system serve to the best advantage of Wikisource. Our previous discussion suggested a developing consensus toward author, subject and class pseudonamespaces. (I'll quickly hear feedback if I'm mistaken on that.) There seems no reason why we can't go ahead as we have with the "Author:" space. The big advantage with the "Class:" space is that it is not language dependant. Where do we want to go from here? Eclecticology 18:40, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
Keepig the [autor:] and [class:] pseudonamespaces and using the category system instead of the [subject:] pseudonamespace is, as I see it, the best solution. That gives us the advantages of all 3 systems.--Christian S 20:50, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
What about the other way around? Then the name [Subject:] can appear in whatever language is appropriate. [Class:] seems to map more easily into sub-categories. i.e. Category:LC-QAG can appear more easily as a subcategory of Category:LC-QA which is in turn a sub-category of Category:LC-Q. Eclecticology 21:59, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
Ahhh! I tried it, and it works. See Wikisource:Class LC- Eclecticology 23:28, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I see your point about using the category system for classes, that would probably work well. I don't see much problem in using it for subjects as well as class. How does that sound? Of course it rules out the possibility of translated pseudonamespaces, which could be seen as a bad thing. Is there any trend or policy to translate the autor: namespace? --Christian S 07:21, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)
OK, I see where you moved the "Forfatter" pages to "Author". There is certainly no policy, and I have really not checked the Asian pages to see what they are doing. I'm always very mindful of becoming too English dominant, and when that could be seen a oppressive by people in other cultures. I strongly believe in the concept of having this as a single multilingual site. Authors is less of a problem than subjects, since the name tends to be very stable, and having things in a fairly consistent format allows the format to anchor the contents. Subjects can be a lot more complicated if we want them to be understood by more non-English-speaking people, but I'm sure there could be some way of accomodating that in the Category system. Eclecticology 12:14, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I'm not very fond of the idea of organising a Category namespace by LOC or some other organisational system. I think in our case, it would be much more beneficial to create our own categories, according to our own standards, where necessary. The most pressing case, at the moment, it seems, are national and regional categories. Ambivalenthysteria 09:44, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I understand where you're coming from, but I also believe in multiple systems. So LOC would not be functioning to the exclusion of anything else. Establishing your own categories is not as simple as it looks. Wikipedia now has 2382 categories, up by 242 from my earlier posting in this thread! A lot of their categories don't look useful at all, and it looks very much like a reinventing the wheel kind of exercise. I'll keep in mind your need for national categories in what I'm doing with LOC. In that D, E, and F are the classes for history, which can also be used for general material about a country. I do have some ideas about how to develop these, and I can expan on that in the next couple days. Eclecticology 12:14, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I understand where you're coming from, and I think it could work, but I've still got concerns about flexibility. For instance, I'm collecting documents related to some de-facto-independent countries in Asia (such as Abkhazia), and it'd be good to have a category for both those and the related Security Council Resolutions. Where would things like this go in such a system? Ambivalenthysteria 00:38, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)
That may not be as much of a problem as it seems. Look at Wikisource:Class LC- for what I've done with the Middle-East (which I've taken to include Iran and Sudan). The DK class is already available for the former Soviet Union. A third letter can be applied for each of the recognized former republics. A fourth letter can be added to the relevant republic for the provinces and quasi-republics. Eclecticology 03:57, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I'm not convinced at all by this new system, I'm afraid. While the LOC system might be more finite, for our purposes, I think it's terrible. Eclecticology has done a great job trying out the LOC system. We should not abandon this system yet, as it is still in the testing/build up fase and far from finished. I think the understandability of this system may improve as the system matures. The two systems does NOT rule out each other. Christian S 15:21, 9 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I appreciate the comments. I agree that the categories are not obvious. I don't think they ever would be on the "resolution" pages, but they should become so on the category pages. It's just a matter of time before somebody can get around to the page Category:LC-DOA to add that the category is about Egypt. The obviousness is less important on the page itself, because if one has the text of the resolution in front of him it is fairly apparent if it's about Egypt. I confess that I don't understand the "white space" comment.
My attention lately on the LC categories has been on developing a comprehensive country list in a way that goes beyond the "official" lists where most of this would involve a letter plus number combination. I don't expect that I will need to get into such fine details elsewhere. In some ways working with the country lists may be easier than with other categories. Although there may be some political questions in some parts of the world, most of the country names are relatively stable. This means that the objective categorization, whether by names or by codes, should be fairly easy. In other areas there are bound to be difficult questions about whether categorization should be coarse of fine.
Nothing keeps us from putting any article in multiple categories. If you want to put an article in Category:Egypt nobody's going to put much effort into stopping you. The multilingual difficulties are still there. There are many possible ways to do this. Do we create some kind of a chart relating codes and names in different languages? Can we use a system of redirects to something where there is common agreement. The fact that there is only a small number of us working on these problems may be to our advantage. Eclecticology 19:08, 9 Jun 2004 (UTC)
So as not to over-clutter the individual pages, would it be possible to put pedia-style categories on the pages themselves, and then link to the LOC pages from there? That way, we could still have the LOC system, for those who so desire, but could have recognisable pages from the categories themselves.
While it might be obvious (with the LOC system) with some pages that they are indeed about the country, what about a resolution that say, refers to Egypt, Syria, Israel, Lebanon and Jordan? I'd rather not have to click on all five to find the one country I'm looking for.
Don't worry about the white space issue...I worked it out last night: it appeared on the resolutions you added the LOC categories to, but that's only because you added the category tag at the top. Add it to the bottom, and the ugly extra white space disappears.
Is having lots of multilingual versions of the same category going to be a problem? I wouldn't tend to see it as such. Also something else I just thought of, does the LOC system have any recognition outside of the English-speaking world? If we were use a system of redirects, how would it work? Ambivalenthysteria 03:05, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)
1. Please set up an example on a page of your choice so that I don't misunderstand what you are saying. I think that the format [[Category:LC-DOA|Egypt]] does not work in the usual way.
2. I would create links for all five countries. Beyond that it depends on #1.
3. OK. Now I know what you meant. It's not an issue for me; I can put tags at the bottom just as easily as at the top.
4. The biggest problem with multiple language versions of categories is likely to be mismatched systems, and the difficulty of access of other language texts. LC is primarily a North American system for academic libraries. Its use elsewhere is very limited. An other system could work just as well if someone were willing to work on its development for our purposes. If LC is accepted as the standard than Category:China, Category:Chine, Category:中国 etc. could all be redirects to Category:LC-DMA. Ideally with this idea we would want the page for the LC category to show all pages that are redirected to it. Eclecticology 08:33, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)
1. Please set up an example on a page of your choice so that I don't misunderstand what you are saying. I think that the format [[Category:LC-DOA|Egypt]] does not work in the usual way.
It's simple: reversing what's there at the moment. Subject:Egypt would become Category:Egypt, and be linked from the page itself, and Category:Egypt would link to a LOC-style page for Egypt somewhere else..
What would that somewhere else be? Where would the equivalent existing subject pages in other languages be brought together? -Ec
2. I would create links for all five countries. Beyond that it depends on #1.
But it's confusing as hell if the LOC format is used, and it looks terrible to tack it on down the bottom, as is being done at the moment.
So go ahead and just put the subject entry. Ideally that should redirect to the proper category page (whether that's LOC or something else), but so too would an equivalent subject page in another language. If you don't want to add the LC category nobody's going to force you. As for them appearing at the bottom, I was responding (perhaps wrongly) to something that I thought was your previous complaint. Where they appear on the page is not a big concern for me. I liked the info box idea for all of this meta material, but developping that idea is more than I can handle for now. -Ec
4. The biggest problem with multiple language versions of categories is likely to be mismatched systems, and the difficulty of access of other language texts. LC is primarily a North American system for academic libraries. It's use elsewhere is very limited. An other system could work just as well if someone were willing to work on its development for our purposes. If LC is accepted as the standard than Category:China, Category:Chine, Category:中国 etc. could all be redirects to Category:LC-DMA. Ideally with this idea we would want the page for the LC category to show all pages that are redirected to it.
As you said yourself, LC is an Americocentric system. It's not much recognised elsewhere, and yet, we're supposed to be categoring for a global audience, and even users from languages other than English. Which is one more reason why I think using LOC as a basis, is a terrible idea. Ambivalenthysteria 08:48, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)
Yes, LC is Americocentric, but it's only a starting point from which I'm already seeing the need for considerable deviation. Including "LC-" as a part of the category name was done to allow for the possibility of using other category schemes. Having those three characters omitted would make them a bit easier to type out. If you want to start an additional category coding system, by all means, go ahead and do it. Even if I don't use it myself, I support your right to develop those ideas. I think that an anglophonic word-based category system would be more generally objectionable that an Americocentric that probably even Americans would need to get used to. Eclecticology 10:55, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)
shrugs. If I'm going to be putting my time into adding resolutions to WikiSource, I object to anyone who uses that page having to click five, six, seven different links to find what they were looking for, when if we'd taken the default system, they'd have been able to find it at a glance. I haven't seen an example so far of multiple systems being able to work - look at the messy test pages that exist already. Put that it in a case with five, six, seven categories, and the result would be a complete mess. I've stated my case, anyway. Have it your way. As it is, I humbly resign my position as administrator. Ambivalenthysteria 12:33, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)
If I could reject your resignation I would! I'm at least considering changing the title "List of former administrators" to "List of vacationing administrators." In fact, I don't think that you have used that position very much anyway. That doesn't criticize you, but rather the whole matter of why people want to become administrators in the first place. Your contributions have been very important for their content, and it's important to remember that the content matters far more than any arcane techniques that may be devised for finding the article. Without the contents there is nothing to categorize. Once a reader has an article in front of him, he doesn't need to find it anymore. I know that that's stating the obvious, but it needs to be stressed. Thus, Subject and/or Category links are not primarily there for the benefit of those who have already found the article. They are there so that the article can be automatically included on lists of similar items. If a resolution is about Cyprus clicking on the right link will produce a list of all other resolutions about Cyprus. Eclecticology 19:55, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)
A large number of multilingual categories is mainly a problem when placed at the top of a text, using a considerable ammount of space. 60 multilingual categories is not much of a problem when placed at the bottom of a text, but could be when placed at the top, though it's unprobable that we'll reach that amount of categories in one text in any near future.
I don't think the LOC system is generally known in Denmark. As almost all danish libraries uses the DK5 system this is the known system in Denmark, but I believe the DK5 system is fairly unknown in other countries. I don't think any category system is known worldwide. Christian S 06:21, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)
This could be another reason to go with our own categories, rather than any particular system. In terms of multilingual categories, perhaps we could go the way of the 'pedia and Wiktionary, and create subdomains for each language. That would eliminate that particular problem. Ambivalenthysteria 07:30, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I only regard LOC as a starting point. It is intended to be a comprehensive system, and documentation is readily accessible. Any other comprehensive system would work just as well as a starting point. I have no objection to DKS; does anyone familiar with it want to develop it in our direction? :-) That being said, as we move away from our starting point we really are developing our own system.
I think that going to multiple subdomains would be an admission of failure. Such choices for Wikipedia and Wiktionary had different purposes. With the former it was important for speakers of a language to write for speakers of that language. For Wiktionary the language itself had to be the focus. Our texts should be relatively stable. No-one can come along and reasonably argue that a 20-year old UN resolution should be completely rewritten. I think that how we access material is as important a focus for us as the material itself. The UN resolutions are dumbly available on the UN's own site, but what makes me most enthusiastic about Ambiv's work on this is the potential for new ways to have access to this material. Eclecticology 09:12, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)
If we are going to use redirects of similar categories to some "international wikisource system", then we should decide on one coded system, not several. This could be one using latin letters like the LOC system or decimal numbers (XX.x....) like the DK5 system. Does some users have trouble using latin letters? The main categories are more or less the same in most categorisation systems, so which system to use is merely a question of the format of codes.--Christian S 10:21, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)
Category system - a different approach
What about only adding word-based categories to the text in the language the text is written in, and then make interlingual links at the category pages the same way as the main pages link to each other. You will then get the texts sorted by languages, but this will not be much of a problem if interlingual linking is done properly. As most people understand only a limited numer of languages they will only need to search a small number of pages to find all the texts on a given subject in the languages they can read, and these few pages would be easily accessible by interlingual linking. You could also avoid all the texts in languages that you can't read anyway. The categorization of this type of material remains to be addressed. Until now I have focused on categorization by countries. Thus Subject:United States and Category:LC-E are warranted. Subject:Supreme Court is a likely subject too as are subjects relating to the particulare area of law treated in the particular case. I would prefer to avoid compound subjects as "United States Supreme Court"; there is more scope for expansion when that expression is treated as two subjects.
I would suggest that you begin with a selection of the most significant cases with subject headings that you consider might best describe the documents. These could very well be changed later as the topic develops, but it will at least give me a better impression of what is needed in the area of law. Eclecticology 09:03, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)
That sounds fairly reasonable, and I'll begin working on trying to gather full texts of important cases. Should I link cases here temporarily, so that it's easier to gather them into a US Supreme Court category in the future?
Incidentally, with regards to usefulness, The Federalist Papers may be less important (due to several sites, such as the University of Oklahoma, having full archives.) they might still be interesting if they were also categorized by subject matter of each paper. On the other hand, it seems to me that while there are some sites featuring full write-ups on the Supreme Court cases, the great majority of them appear to only be excerpts.
As a side note as well, OYEZ has a nice subject directory for cases. In addition, while they don't have the written opinions, they do have oral arguments, and thus it might be nice to link to them as they have some (possibly copywrited) source materials.
-Pipian 02:35, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I've set up a "Court Decisions" section on Wikisource:Historical documents. This would be a good place to start first linkings to these cases. As more of these appear that heading can be sub-divided in a way that supports what is actually contributed.
Your idea about suject categorization is very good. It's the sort of thing which, if done right, can make our version of the Federalist Papers superior to the other versions. There's nothing special about dumping the same plain text that everybody else has. Eclecticology 04:28, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I've currently added a list of major court cases I intend to port over from The Legal Information Institute which already has a digitized copy of the texts of these major cases. I've currently ported and wikified two cases (Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland) which remain to be proofread (as it appears that there are some minor transcription errors in the digitized copies available at the LII). I intend to do this, and add more cases' texts tomorrow.
As soon as categories can be worked out, I'll add those to the text as well. It may also be interesting to crosslink to the text of the Constitution and other documents when referenced in each case's text, though I imagine it would be better to figure out on a case by case basis as some texts may not exist in the wiki yet, and others don't have a direct name that is referenced and thus easy to make into a link, or do not have suitable internal links that can be used when linking to them. - Pipian
Volunteers wanted: Wikimedia Embassy
Hello, at meta:Wikimedia Embassy we have a list with people of the different wikipedias to contact for questions about their projects. It would be fine to have someone from Wikisource there, too. If you like to do the job, please fill in your name there. --Elian
State Government Election Form Copyrights?
I'm currently investigating a fairly full-featured election details for US Presidential Elections (starting with 2000 US Presidential Election). See that page and the prototype Alabama detail page for more information, but some things I stumbled upon while digging up this research were images of Certificates of Ascertainment and Certificates of Votes. As these appear to be state documents (despite their relation to a national election) does anyone know what copyright restrictions there would be on the text or scans of these? Or do I have to do major research into state law codes to find this out? -- Pipian 23:16, 29 Jun 2004 (UTC)
My first observation was that this material was from a U. S. federal government website. My understanding has always been that these are freely usable unless a restriction is specified. Eclecticology 01:03, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
Abstracts
Brehms Thierleben
Original language German
Original title Brehms Thierleben. Allgemeine Kunde des Thierreichs.
Written by Alfred Edmund Brehm
Published: 1883 - 1887
Subject Encyclopedia of Zoology
Class
Wikipedia Reference '
Abstract (english) Brehms Thierleben ist the second edition of the zoological encyclopedia written by Alfred Edmund Brehm. It was written in 10 volumes containing the major groups of animals.
I just wondered if it would be a good idea to post an short abstract in english of not-english-texts at the bottom of the pages or in an infobox at the top. So, what I think about ist: I´m writing on th complte edition of Brehms Thierleben in german. I don´t think, that everyone in here is able to read what this text will mean, so I thought about a box where a short description in english tells everyone about that Text. For example, I would like to know what is written on 臺灣前途決議文, so a short box can tell me. Just an idea, -- Necrophorus 21:52, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
It sounds like an excellent idea. I like the idea of info boxes too. See the top of this page where it was attempted for Communist Manifesto and Huckleberry Finn. Too bad that the people who started that didn't stay long enough to develop the idea. The abstract might still be too big for the info box, and the abstracts could be wanted in other languages too. I don't know if an abstracts sub-page would be a good idea. Eclecticology 23:10, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Abstracts sounds great. An abstract sub-page seems like the best way to do it, at least if the abstracts are of considerable length or in multiple languages. If the abstract is just a few lines in one or two languages then it may be better just to put it at the top of the text, perhaps in an infobox (I definitely support infoboxes). Putting abstracts at the talk-pages is a possibility, but, if extensively developed, abstracts may then "drown" other comments and questions about the text. Abstract sub-pages could also be a place for developing user-translations of texts (just an idea). Should suct abstract pages have their own [Abstract] pseudo-namespace to distinguish them from actual sources?--Christian S 16:26, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Some good ideas. On talk pages for contentious items the reverse could happen, and the abstract would be drowned by the debate. Talk pages are also a place for greater freedom of expression, while we would want relatively more stability in abstracts. The translation developments are also another forward looking idea. The pseudo-namespace idea is also workable and easy to implement, but I would wait until we have enough abstracts by different people to convince us that the idea has caught on. The community of regulars is still small: that's great for arriving at a working understanding on many operational issues, but it leaves us short of the manpower needed to make these things happen. Eclecticology 17:20, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)
O.k., how about this combination of the infobox shown at top of this page with a field for a short abstract or description (placed in Brehms Thierleben). If the abstract is more than these lines we can make a page like Brehms Thierleben/Abstract as i will do it for the chapters too (and have done it with the chapters of Robinson Crusoe). Comments? -- Necrophorus 17:26, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)
The infobox looks fine. Your abstracts are perfect examples of what I meant by "a few lines" at the top of the text. My POV is that the content of the infobox (apart from abstracts) should be in the language of the text, a translatet version of the box content could be posted at the abstract page if it exists. The format Brehms Thierleben/Abstract is fine with me.--Christian S 18:36, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Good work on the infoboxes! In the first effort the The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn info box had a heading in blue. Do we want some kind of colour coding? I don't know if the boxes will be needed for the chapters, but I will maintain an open mind on that. They would certainly look good there, but the problem is that insisting on too much work could be counterproductive. Still they would be more important on the Thierleben than on Robinson Crusoe. The infoboxes fit well with my ideas on categorization. I've filled them in for Robinson Crusoe, but I see that the subject box for the Thierleben already has "Encyclopedia of Zoölogy": I would be inclined to replace that with Zoölogy. Eclecticology 20:44, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Feel fre to change it, if you like because I´ve filled them as a test. I´m a bit puzzled about the Term "Zoölogy", so I´ve never seen it before. In english it´s zoology (as I know) and in german Zoologie. -- 62.134.72.80 21:14, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)
"Zoölogy" is an English variant spelling. The diaeresis is used on the second of two vowels to show that they are pronounced separately. Eclecticology 02:26, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)
I have used light gray headings at the infoboxes that I have created (see Bidrag til Professor Jakob Baden’s Levnet for an example). I chose that colour partly to make the infobox more neutral in appearance, partly becourse I had doubts about how the dark background colour used in the Huck Finn infoboxes would appear in B&W print (I haven't testet it, though). I don't think colour coding is needed, the categorisation system and other general information in the infobox should be enough to inform the user what kind of text he is presented to. I'm not sure the categories work properly with the format used in Robinson Crusoe (eg. [[:Category:LC-PNM]]), the Robinson text does not appear at the category pages. Is there no other way to make the category links appear in the infobox and not at the top of the page? Christian S 15:17, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)
I don't have any strong attachments to the colours. I had noticed it and though that perhaps a fiction/non-fiction distinction had been intended. But the two people who started that aren't active, so we can't ask. Light gray is just fine. I noticed that problem about the categories, and I'll be seeing if I can find a solution. Eclecticology 17:46, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)
I've mentioned the problem on the Wikitech mailing list; someone will likely respond. Meanwhile, I've tried a workaround on the Robinson Crusoe article. I've changed [:Category:LC-PRA] to read [Category:LC-PRA]LC-PRA. This does put the link back at the top of the page, and leaves a non-linking entry in the box. This should not be a serious problem since people can also link from the subject. I've also changed the "Class" box to read "Category" and changed the colour at the top to light gray. Eclecticology 19:49, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)
I've had another thought on the colour coding. Could a different colour in an infobox be used to indicate that the page is part of a work. Thus the gray could continue to be used for the main Robinson Crusoe page, and each chapter could have a differently designed box that would apply for chapters. I think it will work fine and there are not that many textes in Wikisource, so we will not have problems to make the infbox a standart-used item. Great, -- Necrophorus 22:35, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Do we need the same amount of information on the info boxes for chapters when most of that is already on the table of contents page? The one thing that should be there, however, is links to the chapter before, and the one after. I hope that we can avoid having people so overwhelmed that they just stop using the boxes. Some people on the en:Wikipedia very strongly don't like them. Eclecticology 05:00, 13 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Better this way: Robinson Crusoe/Start in Life? -- Necrophorus 08:11, 13 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Categorization progress report
Since I've undertaken to develop a coded category system using the LOC classification as a starting point, I thought it best to report how that has been progressing. So far, so good. There is still the problem of people understandably not feeling the need to memorize a lot of codes, which I admit are too many for even me to remember. I am still convinced that pages named [Subject:xxx], or its equivalent in other languages, which redirect to the appropriate code will work. Hopefully it will be enough to overcome the difficulty of remembering long lists.
The development status of the categories is thus:
• Most of the top level categories have been specified at Category:LC-
• The country lists are essentially done. See Help:LC-D, Help:LC-E and Help:LC-F. The only countries not yet specified are the islands of the South Pacific, and a decision still needs to be made for how to refer to Antarctic islands.
• A first draft outline of the Law category can be found at Category talk:LC-K. This still needs a bit more organizing before the letters are assigned. Please feel free to add comments; help and the ideas of others are always welcome.
• I've done some work on the literature half of the language and literature class. The principal Romance and Germanic literatures can be coded, and I'm wanting to separate language and literature for the others more than is the case in LOC. My next priority will be in the PN class to identify the different genres of literature.
• Help needed. The LOC system was first set up over 100 years ago, and only allowed a small section of the mathematics class for mechanical calculating machines. This is wholly inadequate for the modern computer age. I am proposing to use the otherwise unused TB class for Software engineering, programs, source code, etc. We already have a fair amount of this material, and I am very much at a loss about how best to organize this. Any ideas will be appreciated at Category talk:LC-TB.
Eclecticology 22:54, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Dupe Entries
I'll address each of these separately. Ec
I note that: Woodrow Wilson declares war on Germany is the same speech as: President Wilson's War Address Although the two articles do not agree as to the date of the speech. Further, both versions seem the have several acre-feet of typos. What shall we do? Is there an expert on this in the house? [[PaulinSaudi 14:01, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)]]
I'm inclined to favour the first title, but before I dispose of the alternate version, can you look into the correct date, and possibly resolving the typos in the one we keep. Eclecticology 19:48, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Also: George W Bush's First State of the Union Speech and State of the Union address, 2002 [[PaulinSaudi 14:12, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)]]
Also: George Washington's First Annual Message to Congress is the same as State of the Union address, 1790 [[PaulinSaudi 14:20, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)]]
"What is Wikisource?"
http://sources.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource:What_is_Wikisource%3F Doesn't exist as of five seconds ago, according to my browser. This is bad, since it's linked from http://sources.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page:English . I apologize that I'm a new user and don't yet know how to make intrawiki links. Phthoggos 04:41, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
The Danish and French versions (Wikisource:Hvad er Wikisource and Wikisource:Qu'est-ce que Wikisource) are gone as well. The histories of these pages have also disappeared. They don't show in the deletion log, so they have not been deleted the ordinary way. I have no idea how these pages have disappeared.
For editing help see Wikisource:How does one edit a page or just follow the "editing help" link at the bottom of the edit page (opens a new window and does not disturb your edit). There you can find technical instrucions on editing (markup, internal links etc.)--Christian S 05:39, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Setting up a new language
Hello. I want to investigate the possibility of setting up a Hebrew WikiSource. Is there any sort of step-by-step guide to setting up a version in a new language? (I am fluent in both English and Hebrew, and contribute mostly to the English Wikipedia despite living in Israel.)
Dovi 15:34, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Welcome. Anybody can do it! (as long as they understand Hebrew) Go to the project's Main Page. Edit the list of languages at the top of the page to include Hebrew; this will create a link to the new Hebrew main page that you will be writing. You should also create a new "HE" section at the appropriate place where you essentially translate the the material that is already there for other languages.
Once you have created the links on the Main Page go to the new Main Page:Hebrew and begin writing. Feel free to use the layout on the English Main Page as a basis for design. I hope this helps you to get started. Eclecticology 06:30, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Thank you very much!Dovi 04:10, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
I'm now trying to make sense of the domain names. Are they planned to stay as they are now, or to be moved to "en", "es" etc. like in the other projects?Dovi 04:14, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
I hope that it stays as it is now! I look at Wikisource as a unique for all the languages to work together in a single project. That is a very interesting challenge. Eclecticology 05:00, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
OK, so I'll try to ahead and set it up where you suggest. Let's see how this goes (and if I have enough time for it). Thanks for the help.Dovi 07:53, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Music
Could people look at the adaptation of the infobox at KV 545. Angela has started (with some reason) to have songs and music included in Wikisource. User:Raul654 has started working on moving material here. I'm hoping to forestall having a lot of orphaned music files dumped on us. Eclecticology 05:00, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Change of domain name
I just moved this wiki from sources.wikipedia.org to wikisource.org. This wasn't possible before because the DNS entry wasn't correctly configured, but now it's fixed. Note that this does make it technically possible to switch to a multi-subdomain site. I'm aware of Ec's opinion on this, and I wouldn't want to force the community into anything, I just wanted you to know that it's possible. -- Tim Starling 08:00, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC).
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Tell me more ×
Ask Ubuntu is a question and answer site for Ubuntu users and developers. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I'd like to drag a few more folders to the places sidebar in nautilus, but want to group these new ones separately to the default folders (like Dropbox, Downloads and Documents). Is there a way to add a new separator to the list?
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add comment
2 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
This is not ideal but as far as I can see the only option you have short of filing a bug and chasing it through or writing and applying a patch.
• Open Nautilus
• Browse to a directory that you don't want to bookmark, for example /bin
• From the Bookmarks menu click on "Add Bookmark"
• Then Right click on the bookmark for /bin and choose "Rename..."
• Rename the bookmark to "----------"
• Close Nautilus and open it again
• you now have something that looks vaguely but not very much like a separator.
EDIT: Looks like there is already a bug filed for this. Add your own point of view here.
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Hack on the code.
AFAIK there's no gconf (or other) way to alter the places that aren't bookmarks.
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Deviant Login Shop Join deviantART for FREE Take the Tour
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Jersey-x-by-somadjinn-on-deviantart.jpg
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Submitted on
January 5, 2012
Image Size
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Resolution
5000×3333
Link
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Stats
Views
12,511
Favourites
1,515 (who?)
Comments
192
Camera Data
Make
Canon
Model
Canon EOS 5D Mark II
Shutter Speed
1/640 second
Aperture
F/11.0
Focal Length
24 mm
ISO Speed
100
Date Taken
Dec 24, 2011, 9:07:47 AM
Software
Adobe Photoshop CS5 Macintosh
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Some rights reserved. This work is licensed under a
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Sunset scenery captured near the main city of Saint Helier in the UK Channel Island of Jersey. HDR composite from multiple exposures.
EDIT: Words cannot begin to express my gratitude for receiving this Daily Deviation and I very much appreciate all your wonderful feedback If I could I would thank everyone individually, but time is a monster that loves to conspire against me A feeling I hope you can relate to, but it does not diminish my profound gratitude for each and every bit of support you have given me. A true gift that sticks with me far longer than most everything material.
You can download the same image without watermark directly on my website for free stock photos: freestock.ca/guernsey_jersey_g…
This picture is also available for download at 5000 x 3333 px for a small premium of 50 points. Most everything else including my stock rules remain the same, except this premium download gives you access to a much larger version of the picture without watermark.
Stock rules here: somadjinn.deviantart.com/journ…
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Given 2013-01-18
[Stock and Resources] Jersey X by *somadjinn ( Suggested by `Astrikos and Featured by ^PirateLotus-Stock )
This is beautiful. I'm new to the digital art stuff - does free stock mean that we can use it anywhere w/o your permission? Love it.
Reply
*somadjinn Nov 28, 2013 Professional Photographer
Thanks People have different rules in how their free stock can be used so I cannot speak for everybody. My own stock is free just as long as you can credit and link back to me, preferably through my own website for free stock photos at freestock.ca
Reply
~Zessinna Oct 5, 2013 Hobbyist Photographer
I used your stock here: zessinna.deviantart.com/art/Be…
Thanks for sharing!
Reply
~heliphast Oct 2, 2013 Hobbyist Digital Artist
I used it for my art, thank you so much
Reply
*Miguel-Angel-Estevez Aug 28, 2013 Hobbyist Digital Artist
I used your fantastic stock here... miguel-angel-estevez.deviantar…
Thank you very much!.
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=obscureasmegan Aug 8, 2013 Hobbyist Digital Artist
Used here: obscureasmegan.deviantart.com/…
Thanks so much!
Reply
*somadjinn Aug 8, 2013 Professional Photographer
Merci
Reply
*CHEYENNE75 Aug 4, 2013 Hobbyist Digital Artist
hi, I used here :
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*Noxart-graphics Jul 17, 2013 Hobbyist Digital Artist
Reply.
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Debugging Makefiles
From eLinux.org
Revision as of 07:50, 20 January 2011 by Jaloo (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Here is some information on debugging Makefiles:
showing symbol values, and showing file dependencies[edit]
There's a good Dr. Dobbs article on this topic, by John Graham-Cumming, at:
or printable, all-in-one page, at http://www.embedded.com/columns/technicalinsights/197003517?printable=true
This article describes some macros you can put in your Makefiles to show you the values of symbols, and to show the dependencies that led to a particular target being built. This is handy if you have a complex Makefile that you are trying to debug.
Makefile Debugger[edit]
John has also written a Makefile Debugger.
The following articles describe the debugger and how to use it:
The following resources are needed to use the debugger:
Expand the tarballs from these, and place __gmsl, gmsl and gmd in the directory with the Makefile you wish to debug.
Add the following lines to your Makefile:
include gmd
and
all:
$(__BREAKPOINT)
remake[edit]
"remake", is "A patched GNU make with a debugger, better tracing and error reporting" (based on GNU make 3.81 now).
See: http://bashdb.sourceforge.net/remake/
if there is valid makefile in your current directory, start debug like this:
$ remake --debugger
or there is a makefile named foo_makefile, start debug like this:
$ remake --debugger -f foo_makefile
Debugging a kernel build[edit]
Verbose options[edit]
There are several Kernel makefile tricks which are helpful for debugging a kernel build.
Try "make V=1 [<rest of make args...>]" to see all the full-length commands used to build the kernel.
Sometimes, if a particular step is breaking and you don't understand why, you can copy-and-paste from this verbose command output (to the shell command line). To do this you need to make sure you are in the correct source directory, and that all required files are present.
To see why a particular target is being build, use "make V=2". This is quite useful when a small change results in much more being build than you expected.
Building in a separate directory[edit]
Use the variable KBUILD_OUTPUT either as an environment variable or on the make command line, if you wish to put the build output into a separate directory from the source. This can be useful for several reasons, including when you want to build for multiple architectures from the same source, or when you wish to avoid cluttering up the source tree with object files, libraries and other generated files (to make diffs easier)..
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Navigating with Tags
Jon Udell has pointed to a new set of services that InfoWorld is using to help people navigate the information on their Web site. They're beta right now, but Jon expects they'll go live on the main InfoWorld site sometime in the future.
The place to start is with iws and search for something you're interested in. Once you've got results, clicking on any of the tags will limit the search results to just those with those particular tags. This uses the second tool, iwx.
This is a very fast way to narrow in on the relevant articles for a given set of tags. One thing that confused me at first was the fact that tags toggle off and on. Every time you click on a tag, you're conjoining it (logical "and") with the other tags that have already been clicked. Clicking it again removes it from the conjunction. Some way of indicating the toggle in the interface would be nice.
This also makes the iwx tool somewhat confusing if you go to it without doing a search first since what you get is every article and the list only gets narrowed when you start clicking on tags. Of course the tags you want may not be in the first page. Putting a tag cloud on this page at the top would be helpful. Maybe one that could be hidden no needed or as relevant.
One nit: when you've drilled down on some information, it would be nice to be able to back out without unclicking tags one at a time. A "reset" link and maybe even some bread crumbs would be nice for navigating around the tagspace.
If you haven't noticed before, InfoWorld quietly started adding tags to each article some time ago. They're on the right hand side and use del.icio.us. It would be interesting, of course, to really use the folksonomy in this tool so that readers were classifying articles and searchers were benefiting from their work.
Jon and InfoWorld should be commended for trying to move beyond mere search for processing the bulky information that underlies any large Web site. I'm looking forward to seeing what comes of this experiment..
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Tell me more ×
Server Fault is a question and answer site for professional system and network administrators. It's 100% free, no registration required.
We currently run 4 onsite web servers and 1 offsite server. Four of our severs run Apache 2.x webservers, while the one other server runs Tomcat.
The server which runs on Tomcat contains third party software, and we can't change it to Apache.
We have one domain name, and several subdomains pointing to each of the servers. For instance:
sd1.domain.com - Apache Server - Windows
sd2.domain.com - Apache Server - Windows
sd3.domain.com - Tomcat Server - Windows
sd4.domain.com - Apache Server - Linux
As you can see (in my crude example), although the server software changes, the domain name still points to the servers.
My question is, we are looking into purchasing a wildcard/multi-server SSL certificate. Will I only need to purchase one certificate for all servers, two certificates for windows/apache or three certificates for apache/tomcat?
Thanks
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1 Answer
up vote 0 down vote accepted
A single wildcard certificate for *.domain.com will suffice. Certificates don't care what kind of server is being used.
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Daily Search Forum Recap: May 29, 2008
May 29, 2008 • 5:00 pm | (0) by | Filed Under Search Forum Recap
Here is a recap of what happened in the search forums today, through the eyes of the Search Engine Roundtable and other search forums on the web.
Search Engine Roundtable Stories:
• Algorithms Alone Won't Cut It: Human Powered Search is Coming
At Search Engine Land, Danny Sullivan discusses how search 4.0 will integrate human elements and that editorial decisions will help keep the freshness and relevancy of results. (In case you were wondering, search 1.0 from '96 used on-the-page criteria, search 2.0 from '98 used off-the-page criteria, and search 3.0 from 2007 included universal search). But times are changing. Google Personalized Search is already incorporating our preferences in search results. Social networks can be tapped into
• Google Audio Ad Quirks
Those using Google Audio ads are reporting that there are some problems when resuming ads. If a campaign is paused, you apparently cannot resume it. If a campaign is stopped, you also cannot resume it. Another issue that was reported is that some advertisers cannot run their audio ads on more than one station. AdWordsPro.Steph writes a response on the Google Groups thread and says that you're unable to resume a campaign once it's stopped.
• Belgian Publishers Demand $77.5 Million of Damages from Google
PC World has an article about how Belgian publishers are looking to sue Google for $77.5 million in damages for "for violating copyright law by publishing their articles on Google News and caching their web pages." This has been going on from at least several posts that have discussed this case. Forum members are still wondering why it's an open case -- they think the $77.5 million request is a bit much, but they must've
• Embedding Related YouTube Videos May Increase Your Ranking in Google?
Talk about theories! A WebmasterWorld thread has a theory that was posted by senior member, travelin cat, who noticed that his top ranking pages tend to have related YouTube video's embedded on them. The YouTube videos are not his videos, just random videos that seem to be related to his content. The member who posted this theory seems to not believe his findings himself. He decided to test out his theory by adding YouTube videos
• Google Does Not Recommend Keyword Insertion in Display URL
A Google Groups thread, an advertiser is asking for advice on if Google supports the keyword insertion technique within the display URL. Keyword inserting is a method of dynamically inserting the searchers query in your search ad. For example, if you sell computer electronics and someone searches on [MP3s], you can tell Google to show MP3s in the title, description or display URL of your ad automatically. No, you do not need to create an
• SMX Advanced 2008 Conference Coverage Schedule
Can you believe it, it is almost a year since the first ever SMX Advanced show hit the stage. Next week is the second SMX Advanced show, following several successful SMX presentations, hosted by Danny Sullivan. Like always, we at the Search Engine Roundtable will be providing the most comprehensive coverage of the search conferences. We will be covering virtually all of the sessions being offered by the conference. There are three sessions per time
Other Great Search Forum Threads:
Previous story: Algorithms Alone Won't Cut It: Human Powered Search is Coming
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1709 Blog: for all the copyright community
Tuesday, 25 September 2012
Fashion and copyright
Unable to attend (meaning not invited to) Milan Fashion Week, this blogger spoke yesterday at the legal equivalent: the Intellectual Property in the Fashion Industry conference.
The IP Kat was speed blogging at a rate of knots, so you may already have read his summary of the conference, however below is some more detail on the copyright issues that were discussed.
Copyright doesn't protect fashion
"Copyright doesn't protect fashion" is a statement frequently bandied around, however what is meant is that in the UK at least it is difficult to protect a garment using fashion. Our closed list common law system means that unless a garment can be said to fall into one of the eight protected categories, it cannot be protected. A garment could be said to be an original artistic work: a work of artistic craftsmanship. Case law is not in favour of this argument as a string of cases demonstrate how difficult it is to show that a garment is artistic (see for instance the baby's cape in Merlet v Mothercare, or the sweaters displayed in the V&A in Guild v Eskandar.) The requirement that a work be "artistic" is unusual in the copyright world as it requires a judge to consider the esthetic merit of the work. As Lord Reid said in Hensher v Restawhile, "it depends on whether a substantial section of the public admire the thing for its appearance". The result of this is that it is difficult to show that a garment is a work of artistic craftsmanship, and indeed no-one at the conference could remember a case where any work had been considered to be a work of artistic craftsmanship.
That said, it is possible to protect other works relevant to the fashion industry using copyright. There is far less controversy surroundin the protection of photographs, films, collages, sculptures etc.
The Red Bus Case
Temple Island v New English Teas (the red bus case) was discussed in relation to Kate Spade's alleged copying of Vera Neumann's poppy design. The case demonstrates how difficult it is to draw a line between copying an idea or concept such as a poppy, and copying the expression of that idea, i.e. Vera Neumann's design. Further, the PCC's finding that a person who recreates the subject matter of another person's photograph can infringe copyright in that photo is relevant to the fashion industry as magazines and catalogues often recreate runway or haute couture photographs to showcase high street clothes.
Harmonisation of protected subject matter
A string of recent cases from the CJEU indicate that in the EU a work is protected if it is its "author's own intellectual creation" (see Infopaq, Bezpečnostní softwarová asociace, FAPL and SAS v World Programming Ltd). This does not sit comfortably with the English law notion that a work is only protected if it falls within one of the eight categories set out at s.1 CDPA and it is not clear whether English courts will follow the CJEU's approach in protecting works in which the author's own intellectual creation vests. The notion of what is a protected work is not generally controversial however the EU test could enable protection of items currently not protected under English law, such as garments or perfume.
An allied concept is that of originality, for which the EU test has been applied in the UK by the High Court in NLA v Meltwater. Mrs Justice Proudman found that, when considering originality in relation to whether a substantial part of a work was taken, it was necessary to take European law into account. Answering her own question as to whether the test of originality had been changed by Infopaq she considered that the test had been 'restated but for present purposes not significantly altered by Infopaq'.
All this is indicative that fundamental copyright principles are changing and that we could see a shift towards increased protection for the fashion industry.
Whether the fashion industry needs or wants increased protection is another question entirely. See here for an analysis of "why knock-offs are good for the fashion industry" and contrast with the fact that the US "Fashion Copyright Bill" has made it throught he Senate Judiciary Committee and is headed for the full Senate..
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Arthur (Arthur Lee Harper)
ALBUMS:
1 DREAMS AND IMAGES (LHI 12,000) 1967 R1
2 LOVE IS THE REVOLUTION (Nocturne NRS-905) 1969 R3
NB: (2) released as by Arthur Lee Harper with Second Coming. (2) reissued in 1998 (Synton T 9806).
If Sky Saxon was a folkie … for the quixotic posse !!!
The first album, recorded in November 1967, is a soft wistful folk LP by a Californian solo folkie, Arthur Lee Harper. Imaginative dealers may call this ‘dreamlike psych’ but they’re only dreaming of how much they can boost its price! He did not release any 45s for Lee Hazelwood’s label, but later released a privately pressed album under his real name. This is reputedly better and rockier.
Edited by Sangreaal on 24 Feb 2010, 13:06
All user-contributed text on this page is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
Text may also be available under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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wy7mot6ctbl53upnbtmq557yn54ectrm_1
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User:Andy Maloney/Notebook/Lab Notebook of Andy Maloney/2009/05/08/Kinetic analysis of GTP hydrolysis associated with tubulin polymerization review
From OpenWetWare
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Disclaimer
These are my thoughts on this paper. Read the paper before you read my comments please.
Paper
Kinetic analysis of GTP hydrolysis associated with tubulin polymerization
Review
So I started out with this question
Question: How does tubulin polymerize into microtubules?
This paper gives me at least a reference for what is already known in the field and that is, tubulin carries GTP on both its α and β subunits. When two tubulin heterodimers combine, the β site hydrolyzes GTP to form GDP. I think the GDP gets stuck but I'm not sure.
• They note that microtubules can be stabilized with nonhydrolyzable analogues of GTP such as GMPCPP.
• I got another reference where they actually show GTP hydrolysis occurs at the β subunit, Reference.
• They also state that free GTP in solution can be exchanged with bound GTP on tubulin that has been polymerized into microtubules.
Take home This was a nice paper that answered the question for me of "where are the references that say GTP is needed". Of course, I still don't understand why polymerization needs magnesium ions.
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srpidb7eppu2vx63u5cb2t6v5vowclv6_1
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Tell me more ×
SharePoint Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for SharePoint enthusiasts. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I need to implement chat using the XMPP protocol in a SharePoint site. Can anyone provide sample code, or recommendations about how this can be done?
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1 Answer
It will possibly have to be done by developing webparts which uses the XMPP protocol .NET API libraries such as agxXMPP or Jabber-Net.
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Image:Autoinducer-2.pdf
From OpenWetWare
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Autoinducer-2.pdf (file size: 627 KB, MIME type: application/pdf)
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Current revision (04:31, 19 June 2008) (view source)
(uploaded a new version of "Image:Autoinducer-2.pdf": *'''~~~~''':)
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xo4kc34tt2em7x7sj25fugyh4w57qek2_1
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Operating system
Definition from zikkir, the free dictionary
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Contents
English
Noun
operating system (plural Operating systems) (OS)
1. (software) Software that controls the allocation and usage of hardware resources such as memory, CPU time, disk space, and input and output devices.
Translations
The translations below need to be checked.
External links
et:operating system fa:operating system fr:operating system id:operating system kn:operating system lt:operating system hu:operating system nl:operating system ja:operating system pl:operating system fi:operating system sv:operating system ta:operating system tr:operating system vi:operating system zh:operating system
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Added by staff
Share Quotes, Add New Quotes Join Us Inspire and Move Your Friends
Intuition is the clear concept of the whole at once.
This quote is about intuition. Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Lavater, Johann Kaspar ...
Johann Kaspar Lavater (November 15, 1741 - January 2, 1801), was a poet and physiognomist.
These people bookmarked this quote:
CollectorOfTruth
I'm male, say nothing
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Tell me more ×
Information Security Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for Information security professionals. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I have an document encrypted with a symmetric key. The only information I have is that the key is shorter than 64 bits.
Is there any way I can decrypt it? If yes, how?
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2 Answers
up vote 10 down vote accepted
To decrypt the message, you have to know more than the key; you must also know the encryption scheme, encryption mode, initialization vector, etc. None of this is supposed to be secret; the key and the plaintext message are the only two secrets in most symmetric-key cryptography (and as was stated in the comments, due to protocol requirements and other formatting inherent in most data, the plaintext is not entirely secret).
Those two secrets are enough: according to the Wikipedia docs for AES, the most successful brute-force attack against any symmetric algorithm was against a 64-bit RC5 implementation, which basically required a "white-hat" botnet run by the nonprofit Distributed.net to provide sufficient CPU time to try all of the 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 possible keys in the 64-bit keyspace (that's 18.4 quadrillion keys; putting that in context, the estimated total economic output of the human race in recorded history is only about 2.4 quadrillion US dollars). Using about 2,700 "willing" computers in the botnet, it took five years to crack the cipher. And most of the common symmetric algorithms nowadays (Rijndael/AES, Blowfish/Twofish, Serpent, Triple-DES) use keys at least twice that long, producing a keyspace of approximately 3.4x1038 (340 undecillion) possibilities. The feasibility of a brute-force quickly becomes infeasible; given one more size doubling to a 256-bit key (which is used in some schemes), assuming we could, starting right now, build a Dyson's sphere around our Sun and trap every photon of the plane of the ecliptic (our planet's own orbit) with perfect efficiency, and then build a computer at the electron level with perfect thermal efficiency powered by this Dyson's sphere and set it to try brute-forcing the key, the Sun would go dark before the computer finished trying every key (the Sun would fail at somewhere around 2218 keys).
Even if the cipher they used were vulnerable, most known cryptanalytic attacks against ciphers that aren't completely broken require what's known as a "known-plaintext" or "chosen-plaintext" attack, where you as the attacker can see or even choose the plaintext messages to be fed into the cipher. Most of these attacks still only reduce the complexity of breaking the cipher by a small number of powers of two; for instance, a 64-bit cipher, which would require 2^64 tries to brute-force, might be crackable if you could see, perhaps, 2^44 64-bit blocks being fed into the algorithm using the same key, and see the ciphertext output. Technically, that's an "attack" because it is more efficient than a brute-force. But, it requires you to feed 128 terabytes of data through the algorithm, without knowing the key (which probably means you're feeding it through the one actual machine performing the encryption for someone else, which would eventually arouse suspicion).
In summary, with one ciphertext, no plaintext, and no key, you stand no chance.
Virtually all successful hackers nowadays find the weakest link in the chain (the human, the unsecured computer that human is using, or the flawed implementation of the encryption algorithm on the computer the human is using), and exploit that instead, through keyloggers, social engineering, etc.
So, should this game ever commence for real, I would suggest discretely installing a program on the computer your friend will use to generate the key and encrypt the plaintext, which will transmit the plaintext and/or key to you as it is typed in by your friend. MUCH easier, and faster, than breaking the cipher. Or, if the key is based on an ASCII string, you could kidnap your friend, lock him in your basement, and use some sort of painful but non-damaging interrogation technique until he gives it up.
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Nope. That's pretty much the whole point of encryption. You have no chance of recovering the document without the key, assuming a decent algorithm was used, and a suitable key generation scheme was used.
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Tell me more ×
SharePoint Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for SharePoint enthusiasts. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I have a team site within a team site.
In the top level team site I am in the owners group.
In the second level team site I have full control, but I'm not in the owners group.
In the top level group I can add people to the Members and Owners groups. In the second level site I cannot.
If I click on Groups:More... then click on the edit icon next to the Owners or Members group I get the following message:
Only owners of the group "AP Intra - VN Members" can change its settings.
Considering I have full access; why can't I access these groups?
How can I get access and how can I change permissions so that I can add new users to both of these groups?
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up vote 1 down vote accepted
• Site Actions > Site Settings > People and Groups > AP Intra - VN Members (in Quick Launch)
• Settings > Group Settings
• Make note of the Group owner
• Modify "Who can edit the membership of the group?" to Group Members
• Add yourself to the group that is listed as the Group owner
• Go back and modify "Who can edit the membership of the group?" back to Group owner
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Was that group created when the site was provisioned? If you can't edit the permissions of it that means someone else created it and by default that is the only person who can modify the membership of the group. The group creator needs to edit the properties of the group so that the owner group is listed as the group owner.
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Email updates
Keep up to date with the latest news and content from Genome Biology and BioMed Central.
Method
ngLOC: an n-gram-based Bayesian method for estimating the subcellular proteomes of eukaryotes
Brian R King12 and Chittibabu Guda23*
Author affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Albany, Washington Ave, Albany, New York 12222, USA
2 Gen*NY*sis Center for Excellence in Cancer Genomics, State University of New York at Albany, Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, New York 12144-3456, USA
3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, State University of New York at Albany, Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, New York 12144-3456, USA
For all author emails, please log on.
Citation and License
Genome Biology 2007, 8:R68 doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-5-r68
Published: 1 May 2007
Abstract
We present a method called ngLOC, an n-gram-based Bayesian classifier that predicts the localization of a protein sequence over ten distinct subcellular organelles. A tenfold cross-validation result shows an accuracy of 89% for sequences localized to a single organelle, and 82% for those localized to multiple organelles. An enhanced version of ngLOC was developed to estimate the subcellular proteomes of eight eukaryotic organisms: yeast, nematode, fruitfly, mosquito, zebrafish, chicken, mouse, and human..
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Monday, January 25, 2010
Assets versus bubbles in real estate
The finance ministry has reportedly turned down a proposal by the Department of Policy and Promotion (DIPP) that had suggested doing away with the mandatory three-year lock-in period for FDI in the real estate sector.
The ministry’s point of view is that a lock-in acts as a deterrent, checking speculation and protecting the sector from the sudden flight of capital. This could be particularly true at times of an unprecedented crisis, such as the global meltdown in 2008, when foreign institutional investors pulled out nearly $5 billion worth of equity investments between September and October 2008.
For sure, there is a big difference between portfolio investments or hedge fund money coming into the stock market and money that is being channelled into the development of projects that by nature are of a much longer gestation.
However, the ministry’s contention is that despite the correction after the meltdown, real estate prices were not eroded to the extent that values of some other asset classes were, largely because the lock-in prevented investors from sending their money back home.
To read more, please, visit Shobhana Subramanian -Financial Express.
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Technical advance
Automated analysis of digital fundus autofluorescence images of geographic atrophy in advanced age-related macular degeneration using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO)
A Deckert1*, S Schmitz-Valckenberg2, J Jorzik3, A Bindewald2, FG Holz2 and U Mansmann14
Author Affiliations
1 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics (IMBI), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
2 Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Abbe-Straß2, 53127 Bonn, Germany
3 Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
4 Institute of Medical Information, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
For all author emails, please log on.
BMC Ophthalmology 2005, 5:8 doi:10.1186/1471-2415-5-8
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2415/5/8
Received:28 October 2004
Accepted:6 April 2005
Published:6 April 2005
© 2005 Deckert et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background
Fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) provides an accurate delineation of areas of geographic atrophy (GA).
Automated computer-assisted methods for detecting and removing interfering vessels are needed to support the GA quantification process in longitudinal studies and in reading centres.
Methods
A test tool was implemented that uses region-growing techniques to segment GA areas. An algorithm for illuminating shadows can be used to process low-quality images. Agreement between observers and between three different methods was evaluated by two independent readers in a pilot study. Agreement and objectivity were assessed using the Bland-Altman approach.
Results
The new method (C) identifies vascular structures that interfere with the delineation of GA. Results are comparable to those of two commonly used procedures (A, B), with a mean difference between C and A of -0.67 mm2 (95% CI [-0.99, -0.36]), between B and A of -0.81 mm2, (95% CI [-1.08, -0.53]), and between C and B of 0.15 mm2 (95% CI [-0.12, 0.41]). Objectivity of a method is quantified by the mean difference between observers: A 0.30 mm2 (95% CI [0.02, 0.57]), B -0.11 mm2 (95% CI [-0.28, 0.10]), and C 0.12 mm2 (95% CI [0.02, 0.22]).
Conclusion
The novel procedure is comparable with regard to objectivity and inter-reader agreement to established methods of quantifying GA. It considerably speeds up the lengthy measurement process in AF with well defined GA zones.
Background
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of legal blindness among industrialized nations in the population aged 50 years and above [1-4]. Besides choroidal neovascularization and detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium, geographic atrophy (GA) of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a common cause of severe visual loss in patients with AMD [5-7]. Changes in time can be documented by fundus autofluorescence images (AF) mediated by RPE lipofuscin accumulations and its spatial distribution over retinal areas, obtained in vivo using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmosocope (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph (HRA), Dossenheim, Germany) [8-10]. Areas of GA are usually associated with a well-defined zone of decreased autofluorescence due to the absence of fluorophores residing in RPE lipofuscin granules [11,12]. The deduction of clinically relevant information from these pictures is a complex process which should be optimised and automated, especially in the context of multicenter studies.
Generally, AF are recorded using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph, HRA, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany; which includes the Heidelberg Eye Explorer (HEE) software package). The images are immediately digitised and processed using a flexible frame processor and subsequently displayed on a computer screen. Corresponding with funduscopically visible atrophic areas, fundus intensity of AF is markedly decreased [13].
With method A, atrophic areas are outlined on the screen using the mouse-driven cursor of the HEE software program. The areas are then measured and the data exported manually to an Excel spreadsheet by cut and paste. This completely manual, mouse-driven method A is time-consuming and can exaggerate subjective impressions. Mistakes can occur as a result of the error-prone interface between the user's hand and the computer mouse [13]. This implies that the accuracy of mouse-driven contour painting depends not only on subjective impressions, but also on the user's dexterity.
With method B, the images are exported as bitmap files from the HEE program. Interfering vascular structures, which appear as dark atrophic areas, are manually repainted white using the mouse-driven paintbrush of Microsoft Paint. The modified images are then transferred to Global Lab Image 2 and the remaining dark areas are measured using a threshold procedure tool. The resulting data are exported to Microsoft Excel manually by cut and paste [13]. This semi-automated method B only allows an interpretation using high-quality AF images. It requires the manual, mouse-driven whitewashing of interfering vessels that touch upon, or extend into, the GA area. However, as the vessels exhibit grey levels that are similar to atrophic patches, automated segmentation is not possible [13]. Both methods rely on the circumstantial handling of different software tools that have not been specifically adapted to the problems of GA measurements.
We have developed a novel customized image analysis test tool that includes an adapted algorithm for automated identification of interfering vascular structures, and compared this new method with the previous ones.
Methods
The test tool combines all steps of GA area measurement, including the automatic export of data into an Excel spreadsheet for further analysis. The method is based on region-growing, instead of segmentation with a threshold value similar to that of method B, allowing the reader to sort out non-atrophic areas with similarly diminished grey values as in actual GA areas.
After selecting the GA area by moving the mouse cursor and clicking on the region of interest, a first segmentation is started using a default parameter value calculated by the image's mean grey value. Automatic correction of the generated contour is possible by adjusting the associated parameter value with a relocatable graphical element. Holes within the detected GA area can be identified and further GA areas in the same image can be integrated.
For segmentation of GA areas with interfering vascular structures, the tool includes an optional algorithm for detecting and whitewashing such structures [14]. The number of detected vessels depends on the individual settings of the parameters for vessels diameter, length and cross-linking. Incorrect contour segments of the GA caused by whitewashed vessel stubs can reach into the GA area and are corrected, either automatically with a default parameter or by user interaction.
The algorithm eliminates vessel stubs within the GA area and corrects the contour segments in these regions. One disadvantage of this process is that small contour jags which were correctly detected a step before now disappear, and instead the contour is minimally smoothed and widened. As a result the process produces correct contour segments in passages from GA area to vessels and incorrectly widened contour segments otherwise. A new segmentation step produces the correct contour without interfering vessels.
Using well-aligned relocatable convex and radial hulls facilitates fine-tuning of the actual delineation and measurement of GA areas. These tools enable alternative contour finding in difficult contour segments with tangentially interfering vessels. Poor quality images often contain large shady outer areas causing erupting segmentation of GA areas before identifying the true borders of the GA. This can be countered by the method's option for illuminating such areas of shade. The original image is shown in a separate window. An electronic magnifier is integrated to support contour finding in difficult sections as well as for small GA areas.
Validation
Validation is based on the material collected in a previous study [13], with published data from the right eye only. Data for both eyes are available [13] and are used for validation. The same readers evaluated the same material, but using the new method. The images were evaluated in random order and the readers had no access to the previous results based on methods A and B. With the unpublished material from 2001, our validation sample consists of 10 left and 24 right eyes. The Bland-Altman Design for method comparison studies [15] was applied. The limits of agreement (REF) were calculated for each comparison. Nonparametric tests for paired and unpaired observations as well as ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) were used for statistical assessment. The significance level was set to α = 0.05.
The study was a sub-study of the FAM study which followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Heidelberg. Informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to recruitment into the study.
Results
Table 1 shows the results for the 40 eyes included in the study. Method C produced values which lay between those of methods A and B. The quantification of the agreement following Bland and Altman [15] between methods B and A, C and A, and B and C is given in the upper half of table 2 (mean difference, 95% confidence interval, REF). Differences in the quantified area are presented as box-plots in figure 1 and figure 2. Using the Friedman test [16], a global distinction between methods could be shown for each of the readers (reader 1 p < 0.001, reader 2 p < 0.001). The Wilcoxon test gives significant distinctions for reader 2 between method A and B (p < 0.001) and between A and C (p < 0.001). No significant difference could be found between methods B and C (p = 0.467). For reader 1, the results were similar, except that methods B and C also do not differ significantly (A/B p < 0.001; A/C p < 0.001; B/C p = 0.027). The investigation of objectivity by the Bland-Altman design is given in the lower half of table 2 (mean difference, 95% confidence interval, REF). The box plots presented in figure 2 show a slightly larger bias between the readers for method C in comparison with method B and less bias in comparison with method A. Differences between the readers is established for all three methods by the Wilcoxon test (A: p = 0.007; B: p = 0.012; C: p = 0.018). Combining agreement between readers, the Friedman test shows global significant distinctions between all methods (p < 0.001). An analysis of variance provided a deeper insight into the cause of the observed reader effect, which is not homogeneous for all methods. The ANOVA approach establishes an interaction between both effects. The significant interaction term (p < 0.01) demonstrates the clear dependence of a method's result on the reader using it.
Table 1. The complete GA measurement data set
Table 2. Quality measures to assess method comparison
Figure 1. Box-plot method comparison. Reader adjusted mean difference in the quantified GA area [mm2] between methods: A-B, A-C, B-C.
Figure 2. Box-plot reader comparison. Method induced mean difference [mm2] between two readers.
Discussion
Comparability, repeatability, and objectivity are crucial factors to consider when developing a new method. Comparability with at least two methods has to be determined; objectivity calls for a multitude of readers; and repeatability requires multiple measurements by the same reader using each method. An appropriate study would randomly allocate image and reader in a cross-over design.
Bland-Altman plots visualize comparability, repeatability, and objectivity in terms of the limits of agreement in which 95% of data should appear. Furthermore, the data within these borders must lie within the region of clinically irrelevant differences. Therewith, verification of a clinically comparable quality can be obtained. The measurements for method comparison have to be performed at the same time to exclude subjective effects caused by changing user criteria rather than by the methods themselves.
Additionally, improved effectiveness must be demonstrated to justify replacement of methods [15]. Effectiveness is defined here as the number of successfully assessed AF images and the time required to complete the assessment procedure. In 2001 [13] no exact measurements of reading duration were taken. However, both readers had the impression that method C speeds up the reading process. Furthermore, low-quality images were excluded from the readings in 2001 [13]. Some of these pictures could be handled with method C. Again both readers agreed that method C was better suited to evaluate low-quality images. A further study has to put these subjective impressions into an appropriate objective framework to demonstrate effectiveness.
We conclude that method C is not inferior to the two commonly methods used in measuring GA areas. This has been shown by the comparability of the measured values in the Bland-Altman design. Thereby, the inter-methods comparisons align with the degree of decision freedom for each method. Method A [13] enables the setting of each contour pixel individually with no relation between contour pixels. Method B [13] has only one degree of decision freedom using one threshold value for the whole contour, and method C has fewer degrees of decision freedom than A, but more than B: it allows for the individual exclusion of non-atrophic holes or a fine-tuning of critical contour-sections. In accordance with the degrees of decision freedom, the mean values of the new method C lie between those of method A and B (data not shown). Altogether, method C is similar more to method B than to method A (see table 2, A-C, B-C). Increasing the number of degrees of decision freedom increases the influence of subjectivity. It also gives a larger impact of user's competence.
Method B has only one degree of decision freedom and should theoretically be the most objective. But the bias in objectivity of method C is, first of all, a result of more than one degree of decision freedom (in comparison with method B). Therefore, the readers were trained in using method C. This made the objectivity of method C not significantly inferior to method B. The remaining bias of method C is redeemed by fewer outliers and less dispersion. Even within method C, there was a clear difference in how the readers interpreted the same AF images (see figure 3 and figure 4).
Figure 3. Example for different interpretation with method C. Reader 1 defines a non-atrophic area within the GA in a second step (filled white area) which will not be considered for the calculation of the area size.
Figure 4. Example for different interpretation with method C. This example shows differences in the perception of what is a GA. Reader 2 declares additionally small GA spots.
There are subjective inter-reader effects and effects caused by changing assessment criteria within the same reader over a period of years due to increasing experience or changing criteria, but not due to the method used. This influences the bias in method comparison and therewith the statements about measurement error. Considering this confounder, method comparison can only show that method C is no worse than methods A and B. The effect of the influence by the subjectivity of readers is most distinct in method A (see table 2).
Heterogeneity in agreement between the readers over the methods was demonstrated by a significant interaction term (reader by method) in an ANOVA model. There is a loss of histological information due to the process of producing AF images from the retina by confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopy. Several underlying factors for alterations in grey values in the AF images, mainly in the border region of GA areas, force the reader to interpret by his subjective impressions, more or less supported by the interaction between him and the method.
Conclusion
The study is a pilot study, yet it has provided important information for the further design and testing of method C. Method C has been developed and launched in consideration of several viewpoints. One aim has been to reduce the influence of manual skills and the number of procedural steps, while another important goal was not to restrict the competence of the medical user.
Method C can be implemented to quickly assess both unproblematic AF images and, with the additional accessory tools, difficult AF images. For example, the presence of shadows within the marginal areas of the images appears to be the main reason for poor quality. Presenting a processed image with illuminated shadows together with the original image facilitates segmentation by different algorithms. Furthermore, robust algorithms have been integrated to rectify segmentation and to eliminate interfering vessels in an effective way. Hence, a large proportion of GAs can be measured in a short time using vessel detection and default parameters.
The individual nature of each AF image and the wide variation of possible combinations of features suggest that it would be impossible to develop a clearly defined method that could measure GA areas with only a few procedural steps. Thus, it seems to be recommendable to represent in the future a combination of several methods, with adaptations depending on the quality of AF images, in one tool. However, in attempting to decide upon a particular combination of method parts, some basic questions arose during the process of developing and testing method C, which have still to be clarified.
The selection of further algorithms and methods will depend on the definition of the clinical relevance of differences between GA areas. Consequently, care should be taken that no clinical relevance is attached to artificial differences due solely to repeated use of a method or to different users. Furthermore, a method comparison using the Bland-Altman design will only be meaningful if there are well-defined limits of agreement and clinically relevant bounds [15]. For a method to be useful, the probability of differences between repeated measures and objectivity must not transgress this bound significantly. If two methods produce absolute differences below this limit with non-significant probabilities, then the method with low dispersion but nearer the bound should be preferred. It should be favoured over a method with less bias but larger dispersion. The reason is that a uniform bias could be eliminated by training or considered in the statistical evaluation. With regard to objectivity, it is also important to know whether high objectivity by one threshold value like in method B limits precise contours and facilitates medically correct detection of GA borders. If the precision in imaging the GA borders is important for quantification of disease progression, a segmentation algorithm like region-growing with more degrees of decision freedom should be used. For the decision, clinical relevance in method comparison should be the main criteria, too.
We conclude with an example of successful segmentation after whitewashing the vessels, presented in figure 5. The first segmentation produced erupted contours (first image, green line) caused in each case by interfering vessels. After automated whitewashing with corrected GA entries of white vessel stubs the accurate GA contour is found (second image, green line). Fine tuning of this contour within the wider red one is possible.
Figure 5. Example for image processing. Interfering vessels prevent correct segmentation as shown in the first image. Whitewashing the interfering vessels allows a correct segmentation of the GA.
Competing interests
The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
AD has developed the new method, performed the study and composed the manuscript. SS and JJ performed the evaluation of the pictures in the validation study. AB and FH have given support in ophthalmologic issues and have provided patients data and ophthalmologic devices. UM initialised and supervised the project, he also contributed to the manuscript.
Acknowledgements
Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Research Priority Program SPP 1088: MA 1723/1-1 and HO 1926/1-2
References
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Surv Ophthalmol 1988, 32:375-413. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
2. Klein R, Wang Q, Klein BE, Moss SE, Meuer SM: The relationship of age-related maculopathy, cataract and glaucoma to visual acuity.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995, 36:182-191. PubMed Abstract
3. Leibowitz HM, Krueger DE, Maunder LR, Milton RC, Kini MM, Kahn HA, Nickerson RJ, Pool J, Colton TL, Ganley JP, Loewenstein JI, Dawber TR: The Framingham Eye Study monograph: an ophthalmological and epidemiological study of cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and visual acuity in a general population of 2631 adults, 1973–1975.
Surv Ophthalmol 1980, 24(Suppl):335-610. PubMed Abstract
4. Wormald R: Assessing the prevalence of eye disease in the community.
Eye 1995, 9:674-6. PubMed Abstract
5. Holz FG, Wolfensberger TJ, Piguet B, Gross-Jendroska M, Wells JA, Minassian DC, Chisholm IH, Bird AC: Bilateral drusen in age-related macular degeneration – prognosis and risk factors.
Ophthalmology 1994, 101:1522-1528. PubMed Abstract
6. Maguire P, Vine AK: Geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium.
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8. Rückmann AV, Fitzke FW, Bird AC: Distribution of fundus autofluorescence with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope.
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11. Holz FG, Bellmann C, Margaritidis M, Schutt F, Otto TP, Volcker HE: Patterns of increased in vivo fundus autofluorescence in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium associated with age-related macular degeneration.
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13. Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Jorzik J, Unnebrink C, Holz FG: Analysis of digital scanning laser ophthalmoscopy fundus autofluorescence images of geographic atrophy in advanced age-related macular degeneration.
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16. Sachs L: Angewandte Statistik. 11th edition. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2004.
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2415/5/8/prepub.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
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Vanish Cap
From the Super Mario Wiki
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The Vanish Cap.
The Vanish Cap is a cap that when worn by Mario in Super Mario 64 , turns him temporarily into Vanish Mario. In this form Mario can walk through metal fences and certain walls. Mario must first press the blue ! Switch in order to activate the blue ! Blocks which contain vanish caps.
The Vanish Cap is found only in Super Mario 64. In the DS version, Luigi can use the power granted by the vanish cap by using a Power Flower, but the Vanish Cap itself is absent.
[edit] Course Locations
[edit] Gallery.
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What are these extra phrases added to the beginning of sentences called?
I find that my students are using a lot of these phrases at the beginning of their sentences: First... First of all... To begin with... All in all... The other reason is that... Above all... At last ....
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Results 1 to 2 of 2
1. Thread Author #1
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Qpst PPP Um / AN Login/password *NOT* Saving!
My eyes hurt, head aches, and very tired. I am desperate and can't find any information no matter how much I google and search forums. Using Qpst and cdma workshop I have followed this guide I have rooted my phone, flashed it with cyanogenmod 7 , configured the cricket APNs, etc. The phone has been manually programmed to cricket and i can place and receive calls. The only problem is that under M.IP when i change the NAI from to and under PPP config UM and AN login from to and then click write, it reboots... i go back into qpst and check the settings and the settings changed right back to Has anyone ran into this before? How did you fix it? thank you
2. #2
Re: Qpst PPP Um / AN Login/password *NOT* Saving!
hi there. just wanted to say that you're not alone in your frustrations. I am also having the same issue while trying to flash my droid x over to cricket. I too have been through dozens of forums and threads and have found a very little to no information regarding the problem. I was able to get the login to stick (it changed automatically, actually) after writing White Rabbits new NV items and changing the mdn and min using cdma ws. but it seems that qpst is unable to successfuly write to the flash memory. either that or something is causing the new values to revert on reboot. I'm truly at my wits end with this. I've even begun considering paying cricket to complete the flash, $75 I believe, even though they will most likely tell me that it's not possible. please, if you've gotten any information or answers share with me so I can put an end to this giant headache! and thank you in advance for any help you or anyone else might provide!
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326 reputation
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I have too many questions that irritates me
=======
Photoshop user having sporadic knowledge of Graphic design, Html, Html5, css, wordpress. most of the time I enjoy playing counterstrike :D and messing with css and wordpress
I chat here most of the time, all alone so why don't you come there and know things better :) : chat here
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I totally agree with all the points, I want to add one more thing that circle makes no sense before the name, change it to something else which stand better, after saving your red circle make me feel like there is something which I should not click, It shows complete message if I have typed something really long it gonna ruin the whole interface so, it should be in few line,(cause no body gonna put a bunch of paragraph) and the save and i am back button should be in right hand side..
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CH391L/S13/CAD
From OpenWetWare
< CH391L/S13
Revision as of 04:11, 3 February 2013 by Kevin Baldridge (Talk | contribs)
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Representing Synthetic Biology Designs
TinkerCell representation of parts in a lactose-inducible GFP part
The Synthetic Biology Open Language is an open-source standard for representing designs consisting of both DNA sequence information and higher level annotation of parts with defined roles and behaviors [1]. The core specification of this system has been developed as an RFC [2]. Several different synthetic biology CAD software programs use this format. Representation at this higher level of parts can be visualized and simulated in some of these systems (e.g., TinkerCell).
The Eugene Language[3] is an open-source human-readable language designed to facilitate automatic creation of new devices from a collection of parts. Eugene includes a standardized format for specifying devices and parts as well as constraints on how they can be assembled into higher level devices (i.e. genetic toggle switch). Eugene also features functions for automatic generation of functional assemblies into complex devices. Eugene does not support visualization of constructs.
Synthetic Biology CAD Tools
Synthetic Biology Computer Assisted Design (CAD) tools are programs which help to create novel biological constructs. At the most basic, these programs are essentially enhanced DNA editors which provide a user interface to facilitate easier manipulation of the basic “parts” which comprise biological devices. Some of the more advanced programs have a variety of functions including visualization, asserting validity of constructs, and simulations of metabolic networks.
Simulation Software
Design Tools
References
1. Galdzicki M, Rodriguez C, Chandran D, Sauro HM, and Gennari JH. . pmid:21390321. PubMed HubMed [Galdzicki2011]
Standard biological parts knowledgebase
2. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/66172
[SBOLRFC]
Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Version 1.0.0
3. Bilitchenko L, Liu A, Cheung S, Weeding E, Xia B, Leguia M, Anderson JC, and Densmore D. . pmid:21559524. PubMed HubMed [Eugene2011]
Eugene--a domain specific language for specifying and constraining synthetic biological parts, devices, and systems
4. Chandran D, Bergmann FT, and Sauro HM. . pmid:19874625. PubMed HubMed [TinkerCell2009]
TinkerCell: modular CAD tool for synthetic biology
5. Weeding E, Houle J, and Kaznessis YN. . pmid:20639523. PubMed HubMed [SynBioSS2010]
SynBioSS designer: a web-based tool for the automated generation of kinetic models for synthetic biological constructs
6. Ham TS, Dmytriv Z, Plahar H, Chen J, Hillson NJ, and Keasling JD. . pmid:22718978. PubMed HubMed [VectorEditor2012]
Design, implementation and practice of JBEI-ICE: an open source biological part registry platform and tools.
7. Villalobos A, Ness JE, Gustafsson C, Minshull J, and Govindarajan S. . pmid:16756672. PubMed HubMed [GeneDesigner2006]
Gene Designer:a synthetic biology tool for constructing artificial DNA segments
All Medline abstracts: PubMed HubMed
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Discover New Music
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Andy Bown
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Adobe After Effects is a digital motion graphics and compositing software package published by Adobe Systems. It is used in post-production process of film and television production.
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Gradient banding
I have a video with a gradient background, with silhouette vector animations on top. The gradient therefore stays exactly the same throughout the video. However, rendering the video as mp4, I'm ...
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What is the most effective way of slowing down footage?
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5,598 reputation
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I'm a hobbyist programmer, part-time sysadmin, and full-time data center automation consulting engineer.
I have experience with myriad editors, shells, and OSes. And, while I'm an ardent emacs user, am pretty much beyond the religious wars of "what's best" when it comes to platform, editor, or toolset: if it works for the problem at hand, and you know it, it's [probably] worthwhile :).
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If you've never spent time in a forum for a Sprint device, well, things can get a little a little rowdy. Such is the case for the HTC EVO 4G LTE, which never really got the respect it deserved. (Much of that probably should be placed on Sprint's shoulders, but we digress.)
Currently the hot topic is a rumored update. Is it Jelly Bean? Is it just some other maintenance release? And just when will said update ever see the light of day? These questions -- and more -- in our EVO 4G LTE forum.
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The tag has no wiki summary.
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Purging Shirk and idolatry ensues Peace and Prosperity
I see a pattern that whenever a Prophet or a saint demolished places of Idolatory, Shrines, Dargahs etc . Then Allah brings about lasting peace and prosperity. A recent example from modern history ...
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Is there any accountability for ruler in Islam, if yes what is the model?
Reading the history, I have noticed that Islamic ruler are mostly tyrants rather than rulers. They have full control of all affairs. No one can defy them. There is no election. A descendent of the ....
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Compass (Sonic Live)
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SJ7285 : Boothbank Farm - New use
near to Little Bollington, Cheshire, Great Britain
Boothbank Farm - New use
Alpacas being feed by children. In the court yard behind the main 17th C. farm house now used by The Children's Adventure Farm Trust.
Set up in 1985, the charity offers free adventure breaks and activities to children who are disadvantaged by illness, disability and poverty, from all over the Northwest.
© Copyright Carl Farnell and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.
year taken
2011
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SJ7285, 13 images (more nearby)
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Supplemental image
Date Taken
Tuesday, 19 April, 2011 (more nearby)
Submitted
Wednesday, 8 June, 2011
Geographical Context
Sport, Leisure Village, Rural settlement People, Events
Subject Location
OSGB36: SJ 7251 8511 [10m precision]
WGS84: 53:21.7285N 2:24.8724W
Photographer Location
OSGB36: SJ 7251 8512
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bsecemyyo77gwyripfafo4li2ysdtbko_1
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Tell me more ×
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Hi In my android phonegap app i have used below link and called native code.Using that native code added two numbers.Using this native code how can i delete the jni local references?
Here is the link: http://marakana.com/forums/android/examples/49.html
I am getting this error in logcat:
JNI error local reference table overflow 512 entries
VM aborting
To solve this error i need to delete the jni local references
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
To Delete the local reference, you need to add a line env->DeleteLocalRef(jniRef), where jniRef is an object you are creating in JNI like jstring for example. The code in the link you shared will not cause a local reference table overflow. An overflow will only happen if you are doing a lot of object creation (usually in a loop). It has to happen in the context of a single function call, since all local references are automatically cleared when the function exits. Post some code for more help
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Google AdSense Removes Phone Verification Step?
Jan 4, 2006 • 9:50 am | (1) by | Filed Under Google AdSense
First let me start off by saying I am a huge fan of automation. I even wrote a blog entry at my corporate blog (which hardly gets updated) a while back named Verisign's Sweet Automated Verification Process. So when I saw a thread at DigitalPoint forums named Google AdSense Phone Verification I got a bit excited. Soon after, the thread was created, the page with the information on how Google's AdSense Phone Verification works was pulled, it was here and I know it was there, I checked it out yesterday morning. It said;
How does phone verification work?
Phone verification is completely automated - you'll only need to key in a 6-digit personal identification number (PIN) using your touch-tone telephone.
When you're ready to verify your number, click the link provided in the email you received from Google AdSense. This link will bring you to the Phone Verification Setup page, from which you'll be able to initiate the call or set a convenient time for our system to call you. Have your PIN ready - the number of PIN entry attempts is limited.
Most publishers I have spoken with did not go through the phone verification process. Many publishers live overseas and do not have numbers that would work with this system. And many do not want Google to have their phone number (that I do not understand). Anyway, it was pulled and I know Google's AdSense Rep reads the threads at DigitalPoint, so maybe that is the reason. It is no longer used, people dislike it being there, so just pull it.
Forum discussion at DigitalPoint Forums.
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Be Like Me (2:47)
From Bigg Snoop Dogg and DJ Drama Present: Locke High
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To New Orleans by train
The train ride was uneventful. The sleeping compartment was small, which freaked Stephanie out at first, but she adjusted. We did our best at getting some sleep, which was interesting given the frequent sounding of the horn at crossings and the surprisingly bumpy ride. Imagine a 16 hour flight where you’re constantly jostled by turbulence. Was the night train we took in France this rough? I can’t remember.
Earplugs and benedryl helped some, such that we “slept” right through breakfast. We made it to lunch though, and were pleasantly surprised to discover that meals were included in the price of the sleeper compartments. The romance of the dining car somewhat compensated for our lack of deep sleep.
It was here that I finally realized why all travel guides advise you to take the train instead of flying. We were seated facing two other travelers who had just gotten their meals. The woman was talking on her cell phone about real estate, and the man barely acknowledged our arrival, focusing instead on his pork and gravy served over rice.
I found the fact that we were seated with strangers jarring at first, and I shifted my gaze towards Stephanie. But once our food arrived and the woman finished her call, I made my first attempts at engaging them in a little small talk. They had gotten on the train in Los Angeles (at its origin), and were taking it all the way to New Orleans (the terminus). 46 hours in all, with our mutual destination only 2 hours away. They admitted they were a little stir crazy. They looked it.
I realized we’d have many more opportunities for interactions like this one, not just on our upcoming train ride from New Orleans to DC, but over the next several months as well. Even though many would seem rote or fleeting, these moments would comprise most of our social contact, so it would pay to get used to it—and get good at it.
We arrived in New Orleans an hour early! When does that ever happen? Though it was raining as we approached the station, by the time we got off the train it had stopped. We caught a cab to our hotel in the French Quarter, Place D’Armes, and then made a beeline for Cafe du Monde.
Cafe au lait and beignets from Cafe du Monde.
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175 reputation
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accepted Does creating a new CNAME replace the old?
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login ask-a-question questions unanswered tags faq
All my pants seem to inevitably get stained with bike grease. What's the best method for getting rid of grease stains from pants? Is there a product that works particularly well?
asked Sep 06 '11 at 10:05
oliver
551
Grease is just a long and complex hydrocarbon chain, so the best way to remove it is with a short or light hydrocarbon solution which would dissolve the grease and then could be flushed away. You could DIY it with a little gasoline, naphtha (white gas), vodka (ethanol), or something similar.
Alternatively if you have a larger stain or want some professional cleaning services you could have it dry cleaned. But make sure it is not a cleaner that uses the new "green" dry cleaning fluid as it is not a solvent and will not dissolve the grease.
link
answered Sep 11 '11 at 10:09
Doran
16
Goo Gone. I've used it on dress shirts and all kinds of pants. So far, no bleaching/discoloring and no vestiges of the grease stain.
link
answered Sep 11 '11 at 10:26
lhadnus
16
Fels-Naptha. (http://www.felsnaptha.com/) Old school soap. I had a pair of khakis that I got old chain grease on, washed them regularly about 3-4 times. Regular wash didn't get the stain out, so I called it a bust. Then 3 months later I use a little elbow grease and fels naptha, just rubbing the fabric against itself for 5 minutes, and sure enough, came right out. The soap is good for plenty more as well.
link
answered Sep 11 '11 at 10:42
Tanner
16
I've always used Fuller Pre-Laundry Stain Spray to remove any grease related stains from clothing. This stuff excels at black grease type stains, and will magically remove most stains that you run across. It was originally recommended to me by relatives that live on a farm, and always have stains like these to get rid of. They bulk order this stuff by the box.
link
answered Sep 11 '11 at 18:08
iceberg
16
edited Sep 11 '11 at 18:10
Try OxyClean
For the future you may want to check out the Leg Shield. It is a neoprene leg strap that prevents the bike grease from getting on your pants. I use it for commuting. Great solution.
See it here. http://www.amazon.com/Leg-Shield-Revolutionary-Bicycle-Strap/dp/B006J0PHAI/ref=sr_1_20?s=sporting-goods&ie=UTF8&qid=1324073135&sr=1-20
link
answered Dec 16 '11 at 20:42
Harry
16
edited Dec 16 '11 at 20:44
Dead easy: Brake cleaner. Comes in a spray can from Pep Boys for $3-4. One can will degrease half a dozen shirts or pants. Spray it through the cloth until the grease stain visibly disappears. Let the item dry--mostly--and throw into the laundry. The pants will have a horrendous-looking watermark but that washes out (only if fresh--thus the "mostly" dry comment. The odor washes out, too).
This method will amaze your friends and horrify your spouse--but it works. I have used it for everything from crayon to creosote, on both natural and synthetic fibers--including white fabric (careful with synthetics! Try first on something that won't show. If it dissolves your rayon dancing shirt--you were warned)
Dave
link
answered Jan 06 '12 at 17:44
Dave367
16
I use ProLink bike lube not only to lube my chain, but to clean bike grease off my hands and out of my clothes. Use clean cloth as a blotter. If it doesn't get it all out, I follow up with a spritz of WD-40, then a wash.
link
answered Sep 06 '11 at 10:34
CMJ
1
The white lard-like goop that auto supply stores sell in tubs as hand cleaner. It gets out every grease stain known to man.
As an added bonus for cyclists, if you slop it all over your black filthy bike chain the grease will dissolve and you can wash it off with a garden hose.
link
answered Sep 11 '11 at 11:48
Rosie Redfield
1
We found on the net to use rubbing alcohol (not sure e if it is the same as vodka, but way cheaper) and it works really well.
link
answered Aug 13 '12 at 18:39
A happy user
1
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Person talk:Lydia Rice (7)
Watchers
death date [1 July 2012]
I removed death date of "26 Mar 1718 or 1709". No sources, or even marriage (!), was given. Edmund Rice Association says "died 26 May 1718; (death year may be 1709)". At least they give the marriage to James Hawkins, but this is a fairly useless statement to make without elaboration (which they don't). How can a reader assess this without knowing why these two dates are significant?
The husband died in 1709/10 and that date is probably the source of the 1709 statement (but we can't be sure as they don't say). Administration on Lydia's estate was granted on 26 Mar 1718, so the death date could have said BEFORE 26 Mar 1718, but to leave off "before" is misleading. Holman, as now cited, claims Lydia was buried 26 Oct 1717 which is a better estimate and this has been used to replace both of the above. --Jrich 10:59, 1 July 2012 (EDT).
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Explain xkcd: It's 'cause you're dumb.
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vbdktjgeuigicfhti7yvhltf2wfdbmjq_1
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24 October 2011
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Tim Tebow’s Passion Play
At this point, the Denver Broncos’ attitude toward Tebow seems to be that you can hide making a mistake if you insist on making it repeatedly while loudly proclaiming that it’s the opposite of a mistake. It’s like the supply-side economics of talent. The Broncos invested a #1 pick in him, and if they just keep reinvesting in the top-tier, benefits will eventually rain down on all. Reality can go suck it. Their faith in a higher power reflects both Tebow’s Christianity and supply-side thinking in general: unaccountably rendering time and investment upward eventually results in an invisible hand doling out funbucks..
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