Datasets:

MaziyarPanahi
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DDI-Corpus-Processed

sentence stringlengths 27 1.01k	drug1 stringlengths 2 46	drug2 stringlengths 2 63	relation stringclasses 5 values	source_file stringclasses 566 values	sentence_id stringlengths 17 21	pair_id stringlengths 20 26
Concomitant use of digoxin and sympathomimetics increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.	digoxin	sympathomimetics	EFFECT	Digoxin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d450.s10	DDI-DrugBank.d450.s10.p0
Barbiturates may decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, certain antibiotics, quinidine, theophylline, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and beta blockers.	Barbiturates	corticosteroids	EFFECT	Hexobarbital_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d457.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d457.s0.p4
Agents that have been found, or are expected to have decreased plasma levels in the presence of EQUETROTM due to induction of CYP enzymes are the following: Acetaminophen, alprazolam, amitriptyline, bupropion, buspirone, citalopram, clobazam, clonazepam, clozapine, cyclosporin, delavirdine, desipramine, diazepam, dicumarol, doxycycline, ethosuximide, felbamate, felodipine, glucocorticoids, haloperidol, itraconazole, lamotrigine, levothyroxine, lorazepam, methadone, midazolam, mirtazapine, nortriptyline, olanzapine, oral contraceptives(3), oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin(4), praziquantel, protease inhibitors, quetiapine, risperidone, theophylline, topiramate, tiagabine, tramadol, triazolam, valproate, warfarin(5) , ziprasidone, and zonisamide.	EQUETROTM	ethosuximide	MECHANISM	Carbamazepine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d94.s11	DDI-DrugBank.d94.s11.p15
Agents that have been found, or are expected to have decreased plasma levels in the presence of EQUETROTM due to induction of CYP enzymes are the following: Acetaminophen, alprazolam, amitriptyline, bupropion, buspirone, citalopram, clobazam, clonazepam, clozapine, cyclosporin, delavirdine, desipramine, diazepam, dicumarol, doxycycline, ethosuximide, felbamate, felodipine, glucocorticoids, haloperidol, itraconazole, lamotrigine, levothyroxine, lorazepam, methadone, midazolam, mirtazapine, nortriptyline, olanzapine, oral contraceptives(3), oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin(4), praziquantel, protease inhibitors, quetiapine, risperidone, theophylline, topiramate, tiagabine, tramadol, triazolam, valproate, warfarin(5) , ziprasidone, and zonisamide.	EQUETROTM	Acetaminophen	MECHANISM	Carbamazepine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d94.s11	DDI-DrugBank.d94.s11.p0
Antacids and kaolin: Antacids and kaolin can reduce absorption of chloroquine;	kaolin	chloroquine	MECHANISM	Chloroquine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d429.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d429.s0.p9
- Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: In some patients, the administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent can reduce the diuretic, natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of loop, potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics.	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent	loop diuretics	EFFECT	Chlorothiazide_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d46.s19	DDI-DrugBank.d46.s19.p4
If antacids are required during OMNICEF therapy, OMNICEF should be taken at least 2 hours before or after the antacid.	OMNICEF	antacid	ADVISE	Cefdinir_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d420.s3	DDI-DrugBank.d420.s3.p5
Intestinal adsorbents (e. g., charcoal) and digestive enzyme preparations containing carbohydrate-splitting enzymes (e. g., amylase, pancreatin) may reduce the effect of Acarbose and should not be taken concomitantly.	pancreatin	Acarbose	MECHANISM	Acarbose_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d536.s4	DDI-DrugBank.d536.s4.p14
Drugs that reportedly may increase oral anticoagulant response, ie, increased prothrombin response, in man include:alcohol;allopurinol;aminosalicylic acid;amiodarone;anabolic steroids;antibiotics;bromelains;chloral hydrate;chlorpropamide;chymotrypsin;cimetidine;cinchophen;clofibrate;dextran;dextrothyroxine;diazoxide;dietary deficiencies;diflunisal;disulfiram;drugs affecting blood elements;ethacrynic acid;fenoprofen;glucagon;hepatotoxic drugs;ibuprofen;indomethacin;influenza virus vaccine;inhalation anesthetics;mefenamic acid;methyldopa;methylphenidate;metronidazole;miconazole;monoamine oxidase inhibitors;nalidixic acid;naproxen;oxolinic acid;oxyphenbutazone;pentoxifylline;phenylbutazone;phenyramidol;phenytoin;prolonged hot weather;prolonged narcotics;pyrazolones;quinidine;quinine;ranitidine*;salicylates;sulfinpyrazone;sulfonamides, long acting;sulindac;thyroid drugs;tolbutamide;triclofos sodium;trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole;unreliable prothrombin time determinations;warfarin sodium overdosage.	anticoagulant	monoamine oxidase inhibitors	EFFECT	Anisindione_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d64.s87	DDI-DrugBank.d64.s87.p30
The effects celecoxib on the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of glyburide, ketoconazole, methotrexate, phenytoin, tolbutamide, and warfarin have been studied in vivo and clinically important interactions have not been found.	celecoxib	ketoconazole	NONE	Celecoxib_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d172.s8	DDI-DrugBank.d172.s8.p1
Coadministration of phenytoin with 40 mg SULAR tablets in epileptic patients lowered the nisoldipine plasma concentrations to undetectable levels.	phenytoin	SULAR	MECHANISM	Nisoldipine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d106.s3	DDI-DrugBank.d106.s3.p0
Because a similar interaction is likely, VIRACEPT should also not be administered concurrently with astemizole.	VIRACEPT	astemizole	ADVISE	Nelfinavir_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d340.s12	DDI-DrugBank.d340.s12.p0
Patients receiving other narcotic analgesics, general anesthetics, phenothiazines, tranquilizers, sedative-hypnotics, tricyclic antidepressants or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with DILAUDID may exhibit an additive CNS depression.	anesthetics	DILAUDID	EFFECT	Hydromorphone_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d26.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d26.s0.p14
Thyroid Physiology: The following agents may alter thyroid hormone or TSH levels, generally by effects on thyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, distribution, metabolism, hormone action, or elimination, or altered TSH secretion: aminoglutethimide, p-aminosalicylic acid, amiodarone, androgens and related anabolic hormones, complex anions (thiocyanate, perchlorate, pertechnetate), antithyroid drugs, b-adrenergic blocking agents, carbamazepine, chloral hydrate, diazepam, dopamine and dopamine agonists, ethionamide, glucocorticoids, heparin, hepatic enzyme inducers, insulin, iodinated cholestographic agents, iodine-containing compounds, levodopa, lovastatin, lithium, 6-mercaptopurine, metoclopramide, mitotane, nitroprusside, phenobarbital, phenytoin, resorcinol, rifampin, somatostatin analogs, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, thiazide diuretics.	carbamazepine	resorcinol	NONE	Levothyroxine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d411.s4	DDI-DrugBank.d411.s4.p279
Clidinium may decrease the effect of phenothiazines, levodopa, and ketoconazole.	Clidinium	levodopa	EFFECT	Clidinium_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d322.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d322.s1.p1
Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription products you may use, especially of: aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin, amikacin), amphotericin B, cyclosporine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen), tacrolimus, vancomycin.	gentamicin	ibuprofen	NONE	Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d244.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d244.s0.p12
The addition of 540 mg/kg/day of cromolyn sodium (approximately 340 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis) to 2.7 mg/kg/day of isoproterenol (approximately 7 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis) appears to have increased the incidence of both resorptions and malformations.	cromolyn sodium	isoproterenol	EFFECT	Cromoglicate_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d229.s3	DDI-DrugBank.d229.s3.p0
Nabilone has been shown to have an additive CNS depressant effect when given with either diazepam, secobarbitone sodium, alcohol or codeine.	Nabilone	alcohol	EFFECT	Nabilone_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d552.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d552.s1.p2
Exaggerated hypertensive responses have been reported from the combined use of beta-adrenergic antagonists and alpha-adrenergic stimulants, including those contained in proprietary cold remedies and vasoconstrictive nasal drops.	beta-adrenergic antagonists	alpha-adrenergic stimulants	EFFECT	Acebutolol_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d388.s2	DDI-DrugBank.d388.s2.p0
Agents that have been found, or are expected to have decreased plasma levels in the presence of EQUETROTM due to induction of CYP enzymes are the following: Acetaminophen, alprazolam, amitriptyline, bupropion, buspirone, citalopram, clobazam, clonazepam, clozapine, cyclosporin, delavirdine, desipramine, diazepam, dicumarol, doxycycline, ethosuximide, felbamate, felodipine, glucocorticoids, haloperidol, itraconazole, lamotrigine, levothyroxine, lorazepam, methadone, midazolam, mirtazapine, nortriptyline, olanzapine, oral contraceptives(3), oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin(4), praziquantel, protease inhibitors, quetiapine, risperidone, theophylline, topiramate, tiagabine, tramadol, triazolam, valproate, warfarin(5) , ziprasidone, and zonisamide.	itraconazole	topiramate	NONE	Carbamazepine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d94.s11	DDI-DrugBank.d94.s11.p751
Antacids: In a single dose study (n=6), ingestion of an antacid containing 1.7-gram of magnesium hydroxide with 500-mg of mefenamic acid increased the Cmax and AUC of mefenamic acid by 125% and 36%, respectively. A number of compounds are inhibitors of CYP2C9 including fluconazole, lovastatin and trimethoprim.	fluconazole	trimethoprim	NONE	Mefenamic acid_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d400.s14	DDI-DrugBank.d400.s14.p26
Corticosteroids: A relationship of functional antagonism exists between vitamin D analogues, which promote calcium absorption, and corticosteroids, which inhibit calcium absorption.	vitamin D analogues	corticosteroids	MECHANISM	Calcidiol_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d98.s11	DDI-DrugBank.d98.s11.p2
A similar association, though less marked, has been suggested with barbiturates, phenylbutazone, phenytoin sodium, carbamazepine, griseofulvin, topiramate, and possibly with ampicillin and tetracyclines 72.	carbamazepine	tetracyclines	NONE	Norgestimate_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d360.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d360.s1.p21
Thyroid administration to a digitalized, hypothyroid patient may increase the dose requirement of digoxin.	Thyroid	digoxin	ADVISE	Digoxin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d450.s9	DDI-DrugBank.d450.s9.p0
Etonogestrel may interact with the following medications: acetaminophen (Tylenol), antibiotics such as ampicillin and tetracycline, anticonvulsants (Dilantin, Phenobarbital, Tegretol, Trileptal, Topamax, Felbatol), antifungals (Gris-PEG, Nizoral, Sporanox), atorvastatin (Lipitor), clofibrate (Atromid-S), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), HIV drugs classified as protease inhibitors (Agenerase, Crixivan, Fortovase, Invirase, Kaletra, Norvir, Viracept), morphine (Astramorph, Kadian, MS Contin), phenylbutazone, prednisolone (Prelone), rifadin (rifampin), St. Johns wort, temazepam, theophylline (Theo-Dur), and vitamin C.	acetaminophen	temazepam	NONE	Etonogestrel_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d484.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d484.s0.p83
Drugs that have been associated with peripheral neuropathy include antiretroviral nucleoside analogues, chloramphenicol, cisplatin, dapsone, disulfiram, ethionamide, glutethimide, gold, hydralazine, iodoquinol, isoniazid, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, phenytoin, ribavirin, and vincristine.	ethionamide	gold	NONE	Zalcitabine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d263.s13	DDI-DrugBank.d263.s13.p66
Phase II clinical trial data, where IRESSA and vinorelbine have been used concomitantly, indicate that IRESSA may exacerbate the neutropenic effect of vinorelbine.	IRESSA	vinorelbine	EFFECT	Gefitinib_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d207.s8	DDI-DrugBank.d207.s8.p5
Warfarin: The effects of warfarin and NSAIDs on GI bleeding are synergistic, such that users of both drugs together have a risk of serious GI bleeding higher than that of users of either drug alone.	warfarin	NSAIDs	EFFECT	Etodolac_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d219.s22	DDI-DrugBank.d219.s22.p2
Agents that are CYP3A4 inhibitors that have been found, or are expected, to increase plasma levels of EQUETROTM are the following: Acetazolamide, azole antifungals, cimetidine, clarithromycin(1), dalfopristin, danazol, delavirdine, diltiazem, erythromycin(1), fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, grapefruit juice, isoniazid, itraconazole, ketoconazole, loratadine, nefazodone, niacinamide, nicotinamide, protease inhibitors, propoxyphene, quinine, quinupristin, troleandomycin, valproate(1), verapamil, zileuton.	loratadine	niacinamide	NONE	Carbamazepine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d94.s4	DDI-DrugBank.d94.s4.p286
Data from in vitro studies of benzodiazepines other than alprazolam suggest a possible drug interaction for the following: ergotamine, cyclosporine, amiodarone, nicardipine, and nifedipine.	benzodiazepines	amiodarone	INT	Alprazolam_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d131.s10	DDI-DrugBank.d131.s10.p3
1- nc denotes a mean change of less than 10% 2- Pediatrics 3- Mean increase in adults at high Trileptal doses In vivo, the plasma levels of phenytoin increased by up to 40%, when Trileptal was given at doses above 1200 mg/day.	phenytoin	Trileptal	MECHANISM	Oxcarbazepine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d307.s35	DDI-DrugBank.d307.s35.p2
Probenecid: Probenecid increases both free and bound ketoprofen by reducing the plasma clearance of ketoprofen to about one-third, as well as decreasing its protein binding.	Probenecid	ketoprofen	MECHANISM	Ketoprofen_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d499.s19	DDI-DrugBank.d499.s19.p3
Morphine: A literature article reported that when a 60-mg controlled-release morphine capsule was administered 2 hours prior to a 600-mg Neurontin capsule (N=12), mean gabapentin AUC increased by 44% compared to gabapentin administered without morphine.	morphine	Neurontin	MECHANISM	Gabapentin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d438.s26	DDI-DrugBank.d438.s26.p5
Tetracycline, a bacteriostatic antibiotic, may antagonize the bactercidal effect of penicillin and concurrent use of these drugs should be avoided.	Tetracycline	penicillin	EFFECT	Dicloxacillin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d517.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d517.s0.p1
Because of the low dietary cobalt concentration as compared to the iron contents of the diets, no effect of cobalt on iron absorption and excretion occurred.	iron	iron	NONE	7599505.xml	DDI-MedLine.d34.s11	DDI-MedLine.d34.s11.p4
Concomitant use of SPRYCEL and drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 (eg, ketoconazole, itraconazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, ritonavir, atazanavir, indinavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, saquinavir, telithromycin) may increase exposure to dasatinib and should be avoided.	erythromycin	nelfinavir	NONE	Dasatinib_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d48.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d48.s1.p38
Hypotension was more likely to occur if the calcium antagonist were a dihydropyridine derivative, e.g., nifedipine, while left ventricular failure and AV conduction disturbances, including complete heart block, were more likely to occur with either verapamil or diltiazem.	verapamil	diltiazem	NONE	Betaxolol_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d489.s7	DDI-DrugBank.d489.s7.p9
Binding to Serum Proteins: The following agents may either inhibit levothyroxine sodium binding to serum proteins or alter the concentrations of serum binding proteins: androgens and related anabolic hormones, asparaginase, clofibrate, estrogens and estrogen-containing compounds, 5-fluorouracil, furosemide, glucocorticoids, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, methadone, perphenazine, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, salicylates, tamoxifen.	estrogen-containing compounds	5-fluorouracil	NONE	Levothyroxine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d411.s3	DDI-DrugBank.d411.s3.p87
The hypoglycemic action of sulfonylureas may be potentiated by certain drugs including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and other drugs that are highly protein bound, salicylates, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, probenecid, coumarins, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and beta adrenergic blocking agents.	sulfonylureas	beta adrenergic blocking agents	EFFECT	Glibenclamide_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d178.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d178.s0.p7
In patients receiving nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., selegiline hydrochloride) in combination with serotoninergic agents (e.g., fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine), there have been reports of serious, sometimes fatal, reactions.	MAOIs	fluoxetine	EFFECT	Dexfenfluramine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d423.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d423.s0.p10
Amprenavir significantly decreases clearance of rifabutin and 25-O-desacetylrifabutin, and the combination is poorly tolerated.	Amprenavir	rifabutin	MECHANISM	11158747.xml	DDI-MedLine.d3.s14	DDI-MedLine.d3.s14.p0
therefore, coadministration of Aprepitant with drugs that strongly induce CYP3A4 activity (e.g., rifampin, carbamazepine, phenytoin) may result in reduced plasma concentrations of aprepitant that may result in decreased efficacy of Aprepitant.	Aprepitant	rifampin	MECHANISM	Aprepitant_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d382.s34	DDI-DrugBank.d382.s34.p0
Withdrawal of rifampin decreased the warfarin requirement by 50%.	rifampin	warfarin	MECHANISM	1115445.xml	DDI-MedLine.d116.s4	DDI-MedLine.d116.s4.p0
The results of a study of coadministration of ethambutol (50 mg/kg) with an aluminum hydroxide containing antacid to 13 patients with tuberculosis showed a reduction of mean serum concentrations and urinary excretion of ethambutol of approximately 20% and 13%, respectively, suggesting that the oral absorption of ethambutol may be reduced by these antacid products.	aluminum hydroxide	antacid	NONE	Ethambutol_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d160.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d160.s0.p5
Before taking glimepiride, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines: - aspirin or another salicylate such as magnesium/choline salicylate (Trilisate), salsalate (Disalcid, others), choline salicylate (Arthropan), magnesium salicylate (Magan), or bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol);	glimepiride	magnesium salicylate	ADVISE	Glimepiride_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d521.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d521.s1.p8
The ECG changes and/or hypokalemia that may result from the administration of non-potassium sparing diuretics (such as loop or thiazide diuretics) can be acutely worsened by beta-agonists, especially when the recommended dose of the beta-agonist is exceeded.	loop diuretics	beta-agonists	EFFECT	Arformoterol_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d284.s4	DDI-DrugBank.d284.s4.p5
The most commonly occurring drug interactions are listed below: - Drugs that may increase plasma phenytoin concentrations include: acute alcohol intake, amiodarone, chboramphenicol, chlordiazepoxide, cimetidine, diazepam, dicumarol, disulfiram, estrogens, ethosuximide, fluoxetine, H2-antagonists, halothane, isoniazid, methylphenidate, phenothiazines, phenylbutazone, salicylates, succinimides, sulfonamides, tolbutamide, trazodone	phenytoin	trazodone	MECHANISM	Fosphenytoin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d40.s10	DDI-DrugBank.d40.s10.p20
In a study of 15 male subjects (ages 19 to 35 years) who were extensive metabolizers of the CYP2D6 isoenzyme, daily doses of bupropion given as 150 mg twice daily followed by a single dose of 50 mg desipramine increased the Cmax, AUC, and t1/2 of desipramine by an average of approximately 2-, 5- and 2-fold, respectively.	bupropion	desipramine	NONE	Bupropion_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d5.s14	DDI-DrugBank.d5.s14.p1
The carbamazepine steady-state Cmin decreased 31% to 5 1 micrograms/mL when felbamate (3000 mg/day, divided into three doses) was coadministered.	carbamazepine	felbamate	MECHANISM	Felbamate_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d434.s19	DDI-DrugBank.d434.s19.p0
- Drugs that may either increase or decrease plasma phenytoin concentrations include: phenobarbital, vaiproic acid, and sodium valproate.	phenytoin	phenobarbital	MECHANISM	Fosphenytoin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d40.s14	DDI-DrugBank.d40.s14.p0
Colchicine para-aminosalicylic acid and heavy alcohol intake for longer than 2 weeks may produce malabsorption of vitamin B12.	para-aminosalicylic acid	vitamin B12	MECHANISM	Cyanocobalamin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d39.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d39.s1.p4
Other TNFa-blocking agents (including REMICADE) used in combination with anakinra may also result in similar toxicities.	TNFa-blocking agents	anakinra	EFFECT	Infliximab_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d45.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d45.s1.p1
Caution should be exercised when administering ETOPOPHOS with drugs that are known to inhibit phosphatase activities (e.g., levamisole hydrochloride).	ETOPOPHOS	levamisole hydrochloride	ADVISE	Etoposide_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d194.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d194.s0.p0
If the two drugs are coadministered, the beta blocker should be withdrawn several days before the gradual withdrawal of clonidine.	beta blocker	clonidine	ADVISE	Atenolol_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d73.s4	DDI-DrugBank.d73.s4.p0
In addition to bleeding associated with heparin and vitamin K antagonists, drugs that alter platelet function (such as acetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole and Abciximab) may increase the risk of bleeding if administered prior to, during, or after Activase therapy.	acetylsalicylic acid	Activase	INT	Alteplase_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d508.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d508.s1.p11
Carbamazepine: Coadministration of carbamazepine (200 mg BID), a potent CYP3A4 inducer, with aripiprazole (30 mg QD) resulted in an approximate 70% decrease in Cmax and AUC values of both aripiprazole and its active metabolite, dehydro-aripiprazole.	carbamazepine	aripiprazole	MECHANISM	Aripiprazole_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d509.s19	DDI-DrugBank.d509.s19.p4
Methotrexate: An increased risk of hepatitis has been reported to result from combined use of methotrexate and etretinate.	methotrexate	etretinate	EFFECT	Acitretin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d353.s8	DDI-DrugBank.d353.s8.p2
The administration of local anesthetic solutions containing epinephrine or norepinephrine to patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants or phenothiazines may produce severe, prolonged hypotension or hypertension.	epinephrine	monoamine oxidase inhibitors	EFFECT	Chloroprocaine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d110.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d110.s0.p6
Simultaneous administration of SPRYCEL with antacids should be avoided.	SPRYCEL	antacids	ADVISE	Dasatinib_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d48.s9	DDI-DrugBank.d48.s9.p0
Amphetamines may decrease the hypotensive effect of antihypertensives.	Amphetamines	antihypertensives	EFFECT	Benzphetamine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d477.s2	DDI-DrugBank.d477.s2.p0
Concomitant use of calcium supplements and L-lysine may increase calcium absorption	calcium	calcium	NONE	L-Lysine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d344.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d344.s0.p1
Probenecid : Probenecid is known to interact with the metabolism or renal tubular excretion of many drugs (e.g., acetaminophen, acyclovir, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, aminosalicylic acid, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, bumetanide, clofibrate, methotrexate, famotidine, furosemide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, theophylline, and zidovudine).	Probenecid	barbiturates	MECHANISM	Cidofovir_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d260.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d260.s0.p19
Phenytoin: Amphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of phenytoin;	Phenytoin	phenytoin	NONE	Dextroamphetamine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d236.s25	DDI-DrugBank.d236.s25.p1
Binding to Serum Proteins: The following agents may either inhibit levothyroxine sodium binding to serum proteins or alter the concentrations of serum binding proteins: androgens and related anabolic hormones, asparaginase, clofibrate, estrogens and estrogen-containing compounds, 5-fluorouracil, furosemide, glucocorticoids, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, methadone, perphenazine, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, salicylates, tamoxifen.	clofibrate	estrogen-containing compounds	NONE	Levothyroxine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d411.s3	DDI-DrugBank.d411.s3.p63
Etonogestrel may interact with the following medications: acetaminophen (Tylenol), antibiotics such as ampicillin and tetracycline, anticonvulsants (Dilantin, Phenobarbital, Tegretol, Trileptal, Topamax, Felbatol), antifungals (Gris-PEG, Nizoral, Sporanox), atorvastatin (Lipitor), clofibrate (Atromid-S), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), HIV drugs classified as protease inhibitors (Agenerase, Crixivan, Fortovase, Invirase, Kaletra, Norvir, Viracept), morphine (Astramorph, Kadian, MS Contin), phenylbutazone, prednisolone (Prelone), rifadin (rifampin), St. Johns wort, temazepam, theophylline (Theo-Dur), and vitamin C.	Etonogestrel	MS Contin	INT	Etonogestrel_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d484.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d484.s0.p34
Albuterol, Antihistamines, antidiabetic drugs, diuretics, digitalis.	antidiabetic drugs	diuretics	NONE	Beclomethasone_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d524.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d524.s0.p7
This interaction should be given consideration in patients taking NSAIDs concomitantly with ACE inhibitors.	NSAIDs	ACE inhibitors	ADVISE	Mefenamic acid_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d400.s5	DDI-DrugBank.d400.s5.p0
Recovery of hoof twitch from 50% to 75% took 7.7 +/- 0.7 min for atracurium alone and 11.5 +/- 2.7 min for atracurium plus gentamycin (P = 0.03).	atracurium	gentamycin	EFFECT	8542840.xml	DDI-MedLine.d90.s7	DDI-MedLine.d90.s7.p2
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Tricyclic Antidepressants: FORADIL should be administered with extreme caution in patients being treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants because the action of formoterol on the cardiovascular system may be potentiated by these agents.	FORADIL	tricyclic antidepressants	ADVISE	Formoterol_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d103.s3	DDI-DrugBank.d103.s3.p10
The daily dose of ENABLEX should not exceed 7.5 mg when coadministered with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, nelfinavir, clarithromycin and nefazadone) .	ENABLEX	ritonavir	ADVISE	Darifenacin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d459.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d459.s0.p2
Concomitant administration of gemfibrozil with Targretin capsules is not recommended.	gemfibrozil	Targretin	ADVISE	Bexarotene_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d467.s6	DDI-DrugBank.d467.s6.p0
Butalbital, acetaminophen and caffeine may enhance the effects of: other narcotic analgesics, alcohol, general anesthetics, tranquilizers such as chlordiazepoxide, sedative-hypnotics, or other CNS depressants, causing increased CNS depression.	Butalbital	anesthetics	EFFECT	Butalbital_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d559.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d559.s1.p4
Example inducers include aminoglutethimide, carbamazepine, nafcillin, nevirapine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and rifamycins.	carbamazepine	phenobarbital	NONE	Ethynodiol Diacetate_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d485.s22	DDI-DrugBank.d485.s22.p8
Drugs that reportedly may increase oral anticoagulant response, ie, increased prothrombin response, in man include:alcohol;allopurinol;aminosalicylic acid;amiodarone;anabolic steroids;antibiotics;bromelains;chloral hydrate;chlorpropamide;chymotrypsin;cimetidine;cinchophen;clofibrate;dextran;dextrothyroxine;diazoxide;dietary deficiencies;diflunisal;disulfiram;drugs affecting blood elements;ethacrynic acid;fenoprofen;glucagon;hepatotoxic drugs;ibuprofen;indomethacin;influenza virus vaccine;inhalation anesthetics;mefenamic acid;methyldopa;methylphenidate;metronidazole;miconazole;monoamine oxidase inhibitors;nalidixic acid;naproxen;oxolinic acid;oxyphenbutazone;pentoxifylline;phenylbutazone;phenyramidol;phenytoin;prolonged hot weather;prolonged narcotics;pyrazolones;quinidine;quinine;ranitidine*;salicylates;sulfinpyrazone;sulfonamides, long acting;sulindac;thyroid drugs;tolbutamide;triclofos sodium;trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole;unreliable prothrombin time determinations;warfarin sodium overdosage.	monoamine oxidase inhibitors	sulindac	NONE	Anisindione_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d64.s87	DDI-DrugBank.d64.s87.p1225
Aspirin: Concurrent administration of aspirin and flurbiprofen resulted in 50% lower serum flurbiprofen concentrations.	aspirin	flurbiprofen	MECHANISM	Flurbiprofen_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d529.s4	DDI-DrugBank.d529.s4.p3
Agents that are CYP3A4 inhibitors that have been found, or are expected, to increase plasma levels of EQUETROTM are the following: Acetazolamide, azole antifungals, cimetidine, clarithromycin(1), dalfopristin, danazol, delavirdine, diltiazem, erythromycin(1), fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, grapefruit juice, isoniazid, itraconazole, ketoconazole, loratadine, nefazodone, niacinamide, nicotinamide, protease inhibitors, propoxyphene, quinine, quinupristin, troleandomycin, valproate(1), verapamil, zileuton.	azole antifungals	ketoconazole	NONE	Carbamazepine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d94.s4	DDI-DrugBank.d94.s4.p62
Certain drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), salicylates, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and non-selective beta-adrenergic-blocking agents may potentiate the hypoglycemic action of Starlix and other oral antidiabetic drugs.	non-selective beta-adrenergic-blocking agents	Starlix	EFFECT	Nateglinide_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d460.s14	DDI-DrugBank.d460.s14.p18
Protein Binding In vitro, diclofenac interferes minimally or not at all with the protein binding of salicylic acid (20% decrease in binding), tolbutamide, prednisolone (10% decrease in binding), or warfarin.	diclofenac	tolbutamide	MECHANISM	Diclofenac_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d249.s18	DDI-DrugBank.d249.s18.p1
The physician should be cautious when administering flurbiprofen to patients taking anticoagulants.	flurbiprofen	anticoagulants	ADVISE	Flurbiprofen_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d529.s3	DDI-DrugBank.d529.s3.p0
Drugs that have been reported to diminish oral anticoagulant response, ie, decreased prothrom-bin time response, in man significantly include: adrenocortical steroids;alcohol;antacids;antihistamines;barbiturates;carbamazepine;chloral hydrate;chlordiazepoxide;cholestyramine;diet high in vitamin K;diuretics;ethchlorvynol;glutethimide;griseofulvin;haloperidol;meprobamate;oral contraceptives;paraldehyde;primidone;ranitidine;rifampin;unreliable prothrombin time determinations;vitamin C;warfarin sodium under-dosage.	diuretics	paraldehyde	NONE	Anisindione_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d64.s29	DDI-DrugBank.d64.s29.p204
Anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, felbamate, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate): Increase the metabolism of ethinyl estradiol and/or some progestins, leading to possible decrease in contraceptive effectiveness.	phenytoin	ethinyl estradiol	MECHANISM	Ethynodiol Diacetate_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d485.s12	DDI-DrugBank.d485.s12.p23
Pretreatment of rats with allopurinol (100 mg/kg, ip) or Vitamin E (100 mg/kg per day, ig, for 3 days and a dose of 40 mg/kg on the 4th day) provided significant protection against the elevation of TBARS levels in cerebral and hepatic tissues, induced by single high dose of oral cypermethrin administration within 4 h.	Vitamin E	cypermethrin	EFFECT	11137320.xml	DDI-MedLine.d126.s6	DDI-MedLine.d126.s6.p2
however, in a study of 12 normal subjects, concurrent administration of aspirin decreased ketoprofen protein binding and increased ketoprofen plasma clearance from 0.07 L/kg/h without aspirin to 0.11 L/kg/h with aspirin.	aspirin	ketoprofen	MECHANISM	Ketoprofen_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d499.s6	DDI-DrugBank.d499.s6.p1
Aprepitant, when given as a regimen of 125 mg on Day 1 and 80 mg/day on Days 2 and 3, increased the AUC of methylprednisolone, a CYP3A4 substrate, by 1.34-fold on Day 1 and by 2.5-fold on Day 3, when methylprednisolone was coadministered intravenously as 125 mg on Day 1 and orally as 40 mg on Days 2 and 3.	Aprepitant	methylprednisolone	MECHANISM	Aprepitant_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d382.s13	DDI-DrugBank.d382.s13.p0
Toxicology studies of heroin-related deaths reveal frequent involvement of other central nervous system depressants, including alcohol, benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium), and, to a rising degree, methadone.	heroin	diazepam	EFFECT	Heroin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d514.s2	DDI-DrugBank.d514.s2.p3
Because oral anticoagulants may interfere with the hepatic metabolism of phenytoin, toxic levels of the anticonvulsant may occur when an oral anticoagulant and phenytoin are administered concurrently.	anticoagulants	phenytoin	MECHANISM	Anisindione_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d64.s89	DDI-DrugBank.d64.s89.p0
astemizole, bepridil, sparfloxacin, and terodiline.	bepridil	sparfloxacin	NONE	Cisapride_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d237.s18	DDI-DrugBank.d237.s18.p3
Lithium generally should not be given with diuretics because they reduce its renal clearance and add a high risk of lithium toxicity.	Lithium	diuretics	MECHANISM	Ethacrynic acid_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d414.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d414.s0.p0
Patients receiving antihistamines should be advised against the concurrent use of other CNS depressant drugs.	antihistamines	CNS depressant drugs	ADVISE	Clemastine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d309.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d309.s1.p0
The results of the ERMBT after 2 weeks of rifabutin and rifampin therapy were increased 187 and 156%, respectively.	rifabutin	rifampin	NONE	11158747.xml	DDI-MedLine.d3.s10	DDI-MedLine.d3.s10.p0
Inhibitors of this isoenzyme (e.g., macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungal agents, protease inhibitors, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, amiodarone, cannabinoids, diltiazem, grapefruit juice, nefazadone, norfloxacin, quinine, zafirlukast) should be cautiously coadministered with TIKOSYN as they can potentially increase dofetilide levels.	macrolide antibiotics	dofetilide	NONE	Dofetilide_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d558.s25	DDI-DrugBank.d558.s25.p11
Other drugs Drug interactions have been reported with concomitant administration of erythromycin and other medications, including cyclosporine, hexobarbital, carbamazepine, alfentanil, disopyramide, phenytoin, bromocriptine, valproate, astemizole, and lovastatin.	erythromycin	carbamazepine	INT	Dirithromycin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d522.s24	DDI-DrugBank.d522.s24.p2
Antihypertensive Medications and Vasodilators: The following adverse events were experienced more commonly in patients receiving concomitant antihypertensive medications or vasodilators (n = 94) compared to patients not receiving these concomitant drugs (n = 456): hypotension 10% vs 4%, myocardial infarction 3% vs 1%, serious pneumonia 5% vs 3%, serious falls 9% vs 3%, and bone and joint injuries 6% vs 2%.	antihypertensive medications	vasodilators	EFFECT	Apomorphine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d357.s1	DDI-DrugBank.d357.s1.p5
Using in situ hybridization, we observed that METH caused a rapid and transient dose-dependent increase in arc mRNA level in the striatum and cortex that was abolished by pretreatment with the specific dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 but not by an atypical neuroleptic clozapine.	METH	SCH-23390	EFFECT	11085305.xml	DDI-MedLine.d62.s4	DDI-MedLine.d62.s4.p0
Co-administration of MYOBLOC and aminoglycosides or other agents interfering with neuromuscular transmission (e.g., curare-like compounds) should only be performed with caution as the effect of the toxin may be potentiated.	MYOBLOC	curare-like compounds	ADVISE	Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d323.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d323.s0.p1
Methotrexate - There is one report that methotrexate may decrease the possible effectiveness of supplemental L-glutamine for chemotherapy-induced mucositis.	methotrexate	L-glutamine	EFFECT	L-Glutamine_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d66.s5	DDI-DrugBank.d66.s5.p2
Caution is warranted and therapeutic concentration monitoring is recommended for antiarrhythmics when coadministered with CRIXIVAN.	antiarrhythmics	CRIXIVAN	ADVISE	Indinavir_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d97.s59	DDI-DrugBank.d97.s59.p0
A drug-drug interaction study with rifampin in healthy volunteers has shown a 30% decrease in caspofungin trough concentrations.	rifampin	caspofungin	MECHANISM	Caspofungin_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d350.s10	DDI-DrugBank.d350.s10.p0
When Bezalip or Bezalip retard is used at the same time as other medicines or substances the following interactions must be taken into account: - Bezalip and Bezalip retard may enhance the action of anticoagulants of the coumarin type.	Bezalip	anticoagulants of the coumarin type	EFFECT	Bezafibrate_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d291.s0	DDI-DrugBank.d291.s0.p8
therefore, nitroglycerin or other nitrates (as used for management of angina) or other drugs having vasodilator activity should, if possible, be discontinued before starting captopril.	nitroglycerin	captopril	ADVISE	Captopril_ddi.xml	DDI-DrugBank.d175.s6	DDI-DrugBank.d175.s6.p1

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DDI Corpus Processed

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) detection dataset processed from the SemEval-2013 DDI Corpus.

Dataset Description

This dataset contains drug-drug interaction examples for 5-class classification:

MECHANISM: Mechanistic description of how drugs interact (e.g., inhibition, induction)
EFFECT: Clinical effect of concurrent use (e.g., increased toxicity, decreased efficacy)
ADVISE: Advisory or cautionary information about concurrent use
INT: General interaction without specific type
NONE: No interaction between the drug pair

Dataset Statistics

Split	Total	MECHANISM	EFFECT	ADVISE	INT	NONE
Train	5,744	1,319 (23%)	1,687 (29%)	826 (14%)	189 (3%)	1,723 (30%)
Test	1,398	302 (22%)	360 (26%)	221 (16%)	96 (7%)	419 (30%)

Data Format

Each example contains:

sentence: The original sentence containing drug mentions
drug1: First drug entity
drug2: Second drug entity
relation: Interaction type (MECHANISM, EFFECT, ADVISE, INT, or NONE)
source_file: Original XML source file
sentence_id: Original sentence ID
pair_id: Original pair ID

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("MaziyarPanahi/DDI-Corpus-Processed")

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite:

@article{herrero2013ddi,
  title={The DDI corpus: An annotated corpus with pharmacological substances and drug--drug interactions},
  author={Herrero-Zazo, Mar{\'\i}a and Segura-Bedmar, Isabel and Mart{\'\i}nez, Paloma and Declerck, Thierry},
  journal={Journal of Biomedical Informatics},
  volume={46},
  number={5},
  pages={914--920},
  year={2013}
}

License

CC BY-NC 4.0 (following original DDI Corpus license)

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Size of downloaded dataset files:

3.31 MB

Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:

797 kB

Number of rows:

7,142