| { |
| "type": "document", |
| "metadata_information": { |
| "title": "Petroleum subsidies in Yemen : leveraging reform for development", |
| "idno": "13844807", |
| "producers": [ |
| { |
| "name": "Library", |
| "abbr": "ITSKI", |
| "affiliation": "World Bank", |
| "role": "Curation" |
| } |
| ], |
| "production_date": "2024-05-12", |
| "version": "R script, from D&R API, generated on 2024-05-12" |
| }, |
| "document_description": { |
| "title_statement": { |
| "idno": "13844807", |
| "title": "Petroleum subsidies in Yemen : leveraging reform for development", |
| "sub_title": "", |
| "alternate_title": "", |
| "translated_title": "" |
| }, |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first_name": "", |
| "initial": "", |
| "last_name": "", |
| "affiliation": "", |
| "full_name": "Breisinger, Clemens" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first_name": "", |
| "initial": "", |
| "last_name": "", |
| "affiliation": "", |
| "full_name": "Ecker, Olivier" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first_name": "", |
| "initial": "", |
| "last_name": "", |
| "affiliation": "", |
| "full_name": "Engelke,Wilfried" |
| } |
| ], |
| "date_created": "2011-02-01", |
| "date_available": "2011-02-01", |
| "date_published": "2010-07-01", |
| "identifiers": [ |
| { |
| "type": "World Bank D&R", |
| "identifier": "13844807" |
| }, |
| { |
| "type": "World Bank ID", |
| "identifier": "090224b0828b5f2c" |
| }, |
| { |
| "type": "World Bank Chronical ID", |
| "identifier": "090224b0828b5f2c" |
| }, |
| { |
| "type": "DOI", |
| "identifier": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "type": "Policy Research Working Paper", |
| "abstract": "Petroleum subsidy reform is increasingly seen as an opportunity for consolidating public finances and fostering sustainable economic development. Yemen, as the country with the lowest per capita income in the group of countries with a high level of energy subsidies, started to reduce subsidies in 2010 and is discussing further options for reform. The results of this paper support a comprehensive petroleum subsidy reform in Yemen. Economic growth is projected to accelerate between 0.1 and 0.8 percentage points annually as a result of reform. Yet, the design of the reform is critically important, especially for the poor. Outcomes of alternative reform scenarios range from an increase in poverty of 2 to 6 percentage points. A promising strategy combines subsidy reduction with direct transfers of 13,800 to 19,700 Yemeni rials annually to the poorest 30 percent of households and enhanced public investments. Investments should focus on the utilities, transport, trade, and construction sectors to integrate economic spaces and create the platform for a restructuring of agricultural, industrial, and service value chains, which should encourage private sector led and job creating growth in the medium term.", |
| "ref_country": [ |
| { |
| "name": "Yemen, Republic of", |
| "code": "YEM" |
| } |
| ], |
| "spatial_coverage": "Middle East and North Africa", |
| "languages": [ |
| { |
| "name": "english", |
| "code": "en" |
| } |
| ], |
| "volume": "1", |
| "number": "WPS5577", |
| "url": "http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/931111468340294864/pdf/WPS5577.pdf", |
| "contacts": [ |
| { |
| "name": "Documents and Reports Help Desk", |
| "affiliation": "World Bank", |
| "email": "documents@worldbank.org", |
| "uri": "https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/faqs" |
| } |
| ], |
| "usage_terms": "See World Bank Access to Information (https://www.worldbank.org/en/access-to-information)", |
| "disclaimer": "The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.", |
| "security_classification": "Public", |
| "keywords": [ |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "international food policy research institute", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "poverty reduction & economic management", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "price petroleum product", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "efficiency of service delivery", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "low per capita income", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "constant elasticity of transformation", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "global gross domestic product", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "improvement of road infrastructure", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "impact on poverty reduction", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "economics of climate change", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "direct transfer", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "factor of production", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fuel subsidies", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fiscal deficit", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "reform scenario", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "foreign private investment", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "social accounting matrix", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fiscal deficit reduction", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "impact of transfer", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "higher fuel price", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "redistribution of income", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "real exchange rate", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "sustainable economic development", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "world market price", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "international oil price", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "reduction in poverty", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "per capita expenditure", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "real income decline", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "nominal exchange rate", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "distribution of transfer", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "balance of payment", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "supply of labor", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "official poverty line", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "groundwater for irrigation", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "total factor productivity", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "reform household", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "investments in infrastructure", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "budget deficit reduction", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "government budget balance", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "allocation of resource", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "large budget deficit", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "total consumption expenditure", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "high population growth", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fuel price subsidy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fight against poverty", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "sustainable poverty reduction", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "public investment program", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "positive spillover effect", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "consumption of fuel", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "computable general equilibrium", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "average travel time", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "total government spending", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "model result", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "urban household", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "household income", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "subsidy reduction", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "domestic price", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fiscal cost", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "social impact", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "energy subsidies", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "rural area", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "social transfer", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "social protection", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "income elasticity", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "budget consolidation", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "reform process", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "poor household", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "food insecurity", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "transaction cost", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "intermediate input", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "public spending", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "oil production", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "construction sector", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "negative effect", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "agricultural sector", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "total saving", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "ceteris paribus", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "population share", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "production function", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "jet fuel", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "crop production", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "poverty impact", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fiscal space", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "household expenditure", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "poverty effect", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "representative household", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "production activity", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "high share", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "high profitability", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "agricultural growth", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "demand function", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "economic sector", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "baseline scenario", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "cash transfer", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "income opportunity", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "economic diversification", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "development policy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "total fuel", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "public finance", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "farm household", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "hydrocarbon sector", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "production cost", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "poverty increase", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "water table", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "relative price", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "labor market", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "population group", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "consumer good", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "public transportation", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "oil revenue", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "consumption sector", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "consumer goods", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "private consumption", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "subsequent years", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "energy price", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "capacity effect", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "capital stock", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "vulnerable household", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "income multiplier", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "population size", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "monthly payment", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "poverty status", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "financial resource", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "investment option", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fuel cost", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "indirect approach", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "public primary", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "sustainable fiscal", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "national account", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "discussion papers", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "kerosene subsidy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "economic linkage", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "efficiency gain", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "foreign inflow", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fuel product", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "agricultural production", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "poverty-reduction strategy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "relative change", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "ground water", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "domestic fuel", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fuel purchase", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "private expenditure", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "public policy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "expensive item", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "production structure", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "investment leads", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "macro level", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "reform strategy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "income effect", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "import price", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "long-term effect", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "petroleum processing", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "permanent subsidy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "budget constraint", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "economic efficiency", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "producer subsidy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "consumer subsidy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "price control", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fuel adulteration", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "government consumption", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "road density", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "joint product", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "open access", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "exogenous variable", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "economic infrastructure", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "government expenditure", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "asphalt road", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "household welfare", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "household characteristic", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "equal amount", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "alternative use", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "indirect consumption", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "broad consensus", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "static cge", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "dynamic version", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "dynamic cge", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "better-off household", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "inefficient policy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "social unrest", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "correlation analysis", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "empirical evidence", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "analytical tool", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "global food", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "rural counterpart", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "gasoline subsidy", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "social tension", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "fiscal resource", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "publicity campaign", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "raise awareness", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "direct expenditure", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "social inequality", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "import good", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "water resource", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "subsidy account", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "productive use", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "rising cost", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "price information", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "factor substitution", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "gas reserve", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "unsustainable use", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "household level", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "economic model", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "extreme poverty", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "food crisis", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "international standard", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "productivity growth", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "adjustment process", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "water transport", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "endogenous change", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "commodity group", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "sample household", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "government revenue", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "employee benefit", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "oil sector", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "skilled laborer", |
| "vocabulary": "World Bank", |
| "uri": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "themes": [ |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "", |
| "parent_id": "", |
| "vocabulary": "", |
| "uri": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "reproducibility": { |
| "statement": "", |
| "links": [ |
| { |
| "uri": "", |
| "description": "" |
| } |
| ] |
| }, |
| "pricing": "Free", |
| "date_modified": "", |
| "geographic_units": [ |
| { |
| "name": "", |
| "code": "", |
| "type": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "series": "", |
| "publisher_address": "", |
| "organization": "", |
| "topics": [ |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "", |
| "parent_id": "", |
| "vocabulary": "", |
| "uri": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "relations": [ |
| { |
| "name": "", |
| "type": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "access_restrictions": "", |
| "edition": "", |
| "notes": [ |
| { |
| "note": "" |
| } |
| ] |
| }, |
| "provenance": [ |
| { |
| "origin_description": { |
| "harvest_date": "2024-05-12", |
| "altered": false, |
| "base_url": "https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/api", |
| "identifier": "", |
| "date_stamp": "2024-05-12T15:05:58Z", |
| "metadata_namespace": "WB_DOCREP" |
| } |
| } |
| ], |
| "schematype": "document", |
| "tags": [ |
| { |
| "tag": "", |
| "tag_group": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "additional": { |
| "additional.wds_action": "", |
| "additional.wds_projectid_sort": "", |
| "additional.wds_owner": "", |
| "additional.project_id": "", |
| "additional.project_name": "", |
| "additional.wds_lndinstr_exact": "", |
| "additional.wds_prdln_exact": "", |
| "additional.wds_countrycode": "", |
| "additional.wds_bdmdt": "", |
| "additional.wds_closedt": "", |
| "additional.wds_loannbr": "", |
| "additional.wds_trustfund": "", |
| "additional.wds_ml_repnme": "", |
| "additional.wds_entityids": { |
| "entityid": "" |
| }, |
| "additional.wds_historic_topic": "", |
| "additional.wds_totvolnb": "", |
| "additional.wds_EnvironmentalCategory": "", |
| "additional.wds_disclosure_type": "", |
| "additional.wds_origin_unit": "", |
| "additional.unhcr_report_url": "", |
| "additional.unhcr_title": "", |
| "additional.unhcr_format": "", |
| "additional.unhcr_sources": [ |
| "" |
| ], |
| "additional.unhcr_posted": "", |
| "additional.unhcr_originally_published": "", |
| "additional.unhcr_origin": "", |
| "additional.unhcr_primary_country": [ |
| "" |
| ], |
| "additional.unhcr_other_countries": [ |
| "" |
| ], |
| "additional.unhcr_themes": [ |
| "" |
| ], |
| "additional.unhcr_languages": [ |
| "" |
| ], |
| "additional.unhcr_disasters": [ |
| "" |
| ], |
| "additional.unhcr_disaster_types": [ |
| "" |
| ], |
| "additional.unhcr_pdf_url": "" |
| } |
| } |
