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''' byte-like -> bytes ''' b2 = hashlib.blake2b(**kwargs) b2.update(data) return b2.digest()
def blake2b(data=b'', **kwargs)
byte-like -> bytes
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''' bytes, bool, bool -> str cashaddrs are preferred where possible but cashaddr is ignored in most cases is there a better way to structure this? ''' addr_bytes = bytearray() if riemann.network.CASHADDR_P2SH is not None and cashaddr: addr_bytes.extend(riemann.network.CASHADDR_P2...
def _hash_to_sh_address(script_hash, witness=False, cashaddr=True)
bytes, bool, bool -> str cashaddrs are preferred where possible but cashaddr is ignored in most cases is there a better way to structure this?
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''' makes an p2sh address from a serialized script ''' if witness: script_hash = utils.sha256(script_bytes) else: script_hash = utils.hash160(script_bytes) return _hash_to_sh_address( script_hash=script_hash, witness=witness, cashaddr=cashaddr)
def _ser_script_to_sh_address(script_bytes, witness=False, cashaddr=True)
makes an p2sh address from a serialized script
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''' str, bool, bool -> str ''' script_bytes = script_ser.serialize(script_string) return _ser_script_to_sh_address( script_bytes=script_bytes, witness=witness, cashaddr=cashaddr)
def make_sh_address(script_string, witness=False, cashaddr=True)
str, bool, bool -> str
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''' bytes, bool -> str ''' addr_bytes = bytearray() if riemann.network.CASHADDR_P2PKH is not None and cashaddr: addr_bytes.extend(riemann.network.CASHADDR_P2PKH) addr_bytes.extend(pubkey_hash) return riemann.network.CASHADDR_ENCODER.encode(addr_bytes) if witness: ...
def _make_pkh_address(pubkey_hash, witness=False, cashaddr=True)
bytes, bool -> str
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''' bytes, bool -> str ''' pubkey_hash = utils.hash160(pubkey) return _make_pkh_address(pubkey_hash=pubkey_hash, witness=witness, cashaddr=cashaddr)
def make_pkh_address(pubkey, witness=False, cashaddr=True)
bytes, bool -> str
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''' str -> bytes There's probably a better way to do this ''' parsed = parse(address) parsed_hash = b'' try: if (parsed.find(riemann.network.P2WPKH_PREFIX) == 0 and len(parsed) == 22): return parsed except TypeError: pass try: if ...
def to_output_script(address)
str -> bytes There's probably a better way to do this
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''' bytes -> str Convert output script (the on-chain format) to an address There's probably a better way to do this ''' try: if (len(output_script) == len(riemann.network.P2WSH_PREFIX) + 32 and output_script.find(riemann.network.P2WSH_PREFIX) == 0): # Script h...
def from_output_script(output_script, cashaddr=True)
bytes -> str Convert output script (the on-chain format) to an address There's probably a better way to do this
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''' str -> bytes There's probably a better way to do this. ''' raw = parse(address) # Cash addresses try: if address.find(riemann.network.CASHADDR_PREFIX) == 0: if raw.find(riemann.network.CASHADDR_P2SH) == 0: return raw[len(riemann.network.CASHADDR_P2SH...
def parse_hash(address)
str -> bytes There's probably a better way to do this.
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''' str -> int Bitcoin uses tx version 2 for nSequence signaling. Zcash uses tx version 2 for joinsplits. We want to signal nSequence if we're using OP_CSV. Unless we're in zcash. ''' n = riemann.get_current_network_name() if 'sprout' in n: return 1 if 'overwinter' in n:...
def guess_version(redeem_script)
str -> int Bitcoin uses tx version 2 for nSequence signaling. Zcash uses tx version 2 for joinsplits. We want to signal nSequence if we're using OP_CSV. Unless we're in zcash.
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''' str -> int If OP_CSV is used, guess an appropriate sequence Otherwise, disable RBF, but leave lock_time on. Fails if there's not a constant before OP_CSV ''' try: script_array = redeem_script.split() loc = script_array.index('OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY') return int(sc...
def guess_sequence(redeem_script)
str -> int If OP_CSV is used, guess an appropriate sequence Otherwise, disable RBF, but leave lock_time on. Fails if there's not a constant before OP_CSV
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''' str -> int If OP_CLTV is used, guess an appropriate lock_time Otherwise return 0 (no lock time) Fails if there's not a constant before OP_CLTV ''' try: script_array = redeem_script.split() loc = script_array.index('OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY') return int(script_array[...
def guess_locktime(redeem_script)
str -> int If OP_CLTV is used, guess an appropriate lock_time Otherwise return 0 (no lock time) Fails if there's not a constant before OP_CLTV
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''' int, str -> TxOut accepts base58 or bech32 addresses ''' script = addr.to_output_script(address) value = utils.i2le_padded(value, 8) return tb._make_output(value, script)
def output(value, address)
int, str -> TxOut accepts base58 or bech32 addresses
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''' hex_str, int, int -> Outpoint accepts block explorer txid string ''' tx_id_le = bytes.fromhex(tx_id)[::-1] return tb.make_outpoint(tx_id_le, index, tree)
def outpoint(tx_id, index, tree=None)
hex_str, int, int -> Outpoint accepts block explorer txid string
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''' Outpoint, byte-like, int -> TxIn ''' if redeem_script is not None and sequence is None: sequence = guess_sequence(redeem_script) if sequence is None: sequence = 0xFFFFFFFE return tb.make_legacy_input( outpoint=outpoint, stack_script=b'', redeem_script=...
def unsigned_input(outpoint, redeem_script=None, sequence=None)
Outpoint, byte-like, int -> TxIn
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''' OutPoint, hex_string, hex_string, int -> TxIn Create a signed legacy TxIn from a p2pkh prevout ''' stack_script = '{sig} {pk}'.format(sig=sig, pk=pubkey) stack_script = script_ser.serialize(stack_script) return tb.make_legacy_input(outpoint, stack_script, b'', sequence)
def p2pkh_input(outpoint, sig, pubkey, sequence=0xFFFFFFFE)
OutPoint, hex_string, hex_string, int -> TxIn Create a signed legacy TxIn from a p2pkh prevout
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''' OutPoint, hex_string, hex_string, int -> (TxIn, InputWitness) Create a signed legacy TxIn from a p2pkh prevout Create an empty InputWitness for it Useful for transactions spending some witness and some legacy prevouts ''' stack_script = '{sig} {pk}'.format(sig=sig, pk=pubkey) return ...
def p2pkh_input_and_witness(outpoint, sig, pubkey, sequence=0xFFFFFFFE)
OutPoint, hex_string, hex_string, int -> (TxIn, InputWitness) Create a signed legacy TxIn from a p2pkh prevout Create an empty InputWitness for it Useful for transactions spending some witness and some legacy prevouts
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''' OutPoint, str, str, int -> TxIn Create a signed legacy TxIn from a p2pkh prevout ''' if sequence is None: sequence = guess_sequence(redeem_script) stack_script = script_ser.serialize(stack_script) redeem_script = script_ser.hex_serialize(redeem_script) redeem_script = script...
def p2sh_input(outpoint, stack_script, redeem_script, sequence=None)
OutPoint, str, str, int -> TxIn Create a signed legacy TxIn from a p2pkh prevout
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''' OutPoint, str, str, int -> (TxIn, InputWitness) Create a signed legacy TxIn from a p2pkh prevout Create an empty InputWitness for it Useful for transactions spending some witness and some legacy prevouts ''' if sequence is None: sequence = guess_sequence(redeem_script) stack...
def p2sh_input_and_witness(outpoint, stack_script, redeem_script, sequence=None)
OutPoint, str, str, int -> (TxIn, InputWitness) Create a signed legacy TxIn from a p2pkh prevout Create an empty InputWitness for it Useful for transactions spending some witness and some legacy prevouts
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''' Outpoint, hex_string, hex_string, int -> (TxIn, InputWitness) Create a signed witness TxIn and InputWitness from a p2wpkh prevout ''' return tb.make_witness_input_and_witness( outpoint=outpoint, sequence=sequence, stack=[bytes.fromhex(sig), bytes.fromhex(pubkey)])
def p2wpkh_input_and_witness(outpoint, sig, pubkey, sequence=0xFFFFFFFE)
Outpoint, hex_string, hex_string, int -> (TxIn, InputWitness) Create a signed witness TxIn and InputWitness from a p2wpkh prevout
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''' Outpoint, str, str, int -> (TxIn, InputWitness) Create a signed witness TxIn and InputWitness from a p2wsh prevout ''' if sequence is None: sequence = guess_sequence(witness_script) stack = list(map( lambda x: b'' if x == 'NONE' else bytes.fromhex(x), stack.split())) stac...
def p2wsh_input_and_witness(outpoint, stack, witness_script, sequence=None)
Outpoint, str, str, int -> (TxIn, InputWitness) Create a signed witness TxIn and InputWitness from a p2wsh prevout
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'''Create an unsigned transaction Use this to generate sighashes for unsigned TxIns Gotcha: it requires you to know the timelock and version it will _not_ guess them becuase it may not have acess to all scripts Hint: set version to 2 if using sequence number relative time locks ...
def unsigned_legacy_tx(tx_ins, tx_outs, **kwargs)
Create an unsigned transaction Use this to generate sighashes for unsigned TxIns Gotcha: it requires you to know the timelock and version it will _not_ guess them becuase it may not have acess to all scripts Hint: set version to 2 if using sequence number relative time locks Arg...
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'''Create an unsigned segwit transaction Create an unsigned segwit transaction Use this to generate sighashes for unsigned TxIns Gotcha: it requires you to know the timelock and version it will _not_ guess them becuase it may not have acess to all scripts Hint: set version to...
def unsigned_witness_tx(tx_ins, tx_outs, **kwargs)
Create an unsigned segwit transaction Create an unsigned segwit transaction Use this to generate sighashes for unsigned TxIns Gotcha: it requires you to know the timelock and version it will _not_ guess them becuase it may not have acess to all scripts Hint: set version to 2 if u...
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''' Construct a fully-signed legacy transaction Args: tx_ins list(TxIn instances): list of transaction inputs tx_outs list(TxOut instances): list of transaction outputs **kwargs: version (int): transaction version number locktime (hex): transaction lo...
def legacy_tx(tx_ins, tx_outs, **kwargs)
Construct a fully-signed legacy transaction Args: tx_ins list(TxIn instances): list of transaction inputs tx_outs list(TxOut instances): list of transaction outputs **kwargs: version (int): transaction version number locktime (hex): transaction locktime ...
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''' Construct a fully-signed segwit transaction Args: tx_ins list(TxIn instances): list of transaction inputs tx_outs list(TxOut instances): list of transaction outputs tx_witnesses list(TxWitness instances): list of transaction witnsses **kwargs: version ...
def witness_tx(tx_ins, tx_outs, tx_witnesses, **kwargs)
Construct a fully-signed segwit transaction Args: tx_ins list(TxIn instances): list of transaction inputs tx_outs list(TxOut instances): list of transaction outputs tx_witnesses list(TxWitness instances): list of transaction witnsses **kwargs: version (int): tr...
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''' OverwinterTx, ... -> OverwinterTx Makes a copy. Allows over-writing specific pieces. ''' return OverwinterTx( tx_ins=tx_ins if tx_ins is not None else self.tx_ins, tx_outs=tx_outs if tx_outs is not None else self.tx_outs, lock_time=(lock_t...
def copy(self, tx_ins=None, tx_outs=None, lock_time=None, expiry_height=None, tx_joinsplits=None, joinsplit_pubkey=None, joinsplit_sig=None)
OverwinterTx, ... -> OverwinterTx Makes a copy. Allows over-writing specific pieces.
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''' byte-like -> OverwinterTx ''' header = byte_string[0:4] group_id = byte_string[4:8] if header != b'\x03\x00\x00\x80' or group_id != b'\x70\x82\xc4\x03': raise ValueError( 'Bad header or group ID. Expected {} and {}. Got: {} and {}' ...
def from_bytes(OverwinterTx, byte_string)
byte-like -> OverwinterTx
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dir_path = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.keep') if os.path.exists(dir_path): if click.confirm('[CRITICAL] Remove everything inside ~/.keep ?', abort=True): shutil.rmtree(dir_path) utils.first_time_use(ctx)
def cli(ctx)
Initializes the CLI environment.
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matches = utils.grep_commands(pattern) if matches: selected = utils.select_command(matches) if selected >= 0: cmd, desc = matches[selected] pcmd = utils.create_pcmd(cmd) raw_params, params, defaults = utils.get_params_in_pcmd(pcmd) arguments...
def cli(ctx, pattern, arguments, safe)
Executes a saved command.
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cmd = click.prompt('Command') desc = click.prompt('Description ') alias = click.prompt('Alias (optional)', default='') utils.save_command(cmd, desc, alias) utils.log(ctx, 'Saved the new command - {} - with the description - {}.'.format(cmd, desc))
def cli(ctx)
Saves a new command
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if args: msg %= args click.echo(msg, file=sys.stderr)
def log(self, msg, *args)
Logs a message to stderr.
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if self.verbose: self.log(msg, *args)
def vlog(self, msg, *args)
Logs a message to stderr only if verbose is enabled.
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utils.check_update(ctx, forced=True) click.secho("Keep is at its latest version v{}".format(about.__version__), fg='green')
def cli(ctx)
Check for an update of Keep.
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matches = utils.grep_commands(pattern) if matches: for cmd, desc in matches: click.secho("$ {} :: {}".format(cmd, desc), fg='green') elif matches == []: click.echo('No saved commands matches the pattern {}'.format(pattern)) else: click.echo('No commands to show. ...
def cli(ctx, pattern)
Searches for a saved command.
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json_path = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.keep', 'commands.json') if not os.path.exists(json_path): click.echo('No commands to show. Add one by `keep new`.') else: utils.list_commands(ctx)
def cli(ctx)
Shows the saved commands.
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credentials_path = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.keep', '.credentials') if not os.path.exists(credentials_path): click.echo('You are not registered.') utils.register() else: utils.pull(ctx, overwrite)
def cli(ctx, overwrite)
Updates the local database with remote.
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dir_path = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.keep', '.credentials') if os.path.exists(dir_path): if click.confirm('[CRITICAL] Reset credentials saved in ~/.keep/.credentials ?', abort=True): os.remove(dir_path) utils.register()
def cli(ctx)
Register user over server.
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try: if ctx.update_checked and not forced: return except AttributeError: update_check_file = os.path.join(dir_path, 'update_check.txt') today = datetime.date.today().strftime("%m/%d/%Y") if os.path.exists(update_check_file): date = open(update_check_f...
def check_update(ctx, forced=False)
Check for update on pypi. Limit to 1 check per day if not forced
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commands = utils.read_commands() if commands is []: click.echo("No commands to edit, Add one by 'keep new'. ") else: edit_header = "# Unchanged file will abort the operation\n" new_commands = utils.edit_commands(commands, editor, edit_header) if new_commands and new_com...
def cli(ctx, editor)
Edit saved commands.
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matches = utils.grep_commands(pattern) if matches: selected = utils.select_command(matches) if selected >= 0: cmd, desc = matches[selected] command = "$ {} :: {}".format(cmd, desc) if click.confirm("Remove\n\t{}\n\n?".format(command), default=True): ...
def cli(ctx, pattern)
Deletes a saved command.
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r lim_max = sp.amax(mesh.verts, axis=0) lim_min = sp.amin(mesh.verts, axis=0) # Display resulting triangular mesh using Matplotlib. fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') # Fancy indexing: `verts[faces]` to generate a collection of triangles mesh = Poly3DCollecti...
def show_mesh(mesh)
r""" Visualizes the mesh of a region as obtained by ``get_mesh`` function in the ``metrics`` submodule. Parameters ---------- mesh : tuple A mesh returned by ``skimage.measure.marching_cubes`` Returns ------- fig : Matplotlib figure A handle to a matplotlib 3D axis
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r im_temp = sp.zeros_like(im) crds = sp.array(sp.rand(npoints, im.ndim)*im.shape, dtype=int) pads = sp.array(sp.rand(npoints)*sp.amin(im.shape)/2+10, dtype=int) im_temp[tuple(crds.T)] = True labels, N = spim.label(input=im_temp) slices = spim.find_objects(input=labels) porosity = sp.zero...
def representative_elementary_volume(im, npoints=1000)
r""" Calculates the porosity of the image as a function subdomain size. This function extracts a specified number of subdomains of random size, then finds their porosity. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The image of the porous material npoints : int The number of random...
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r if axis >= im.ndim: raise Exception('axis out of range') im = np.atleast_3d(im) a = set(range(im.ndim)).difference(set([axis])) a1, a2 = a prof = np.sum(np.sum(im, axis=a2), axis=a1)/(im.shape[a2]*im.shape[a1]) return prof*100
def porosity_profile(im, axis)
r""" Returns a porosity profile along the specified axis Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The volumetric image for which to calculate the porosity profile axis : int The axis (0, 1, or 2) along which to calculate the profile. For instance, if `axis` is 0, then the porosi...
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r if im.dtype == bool: im = spim.distance_transform_edt(im) mask = find_dt_artifacts(im) == 0 im[mask] = 0 x = im[im > 0].flatten() h = sp.histogram(x, bins=bins, density=True) h = _parse_histogram(h=h, voxel_size=voxel_size) rdf = namedtuple('radial_density_function', ...
def radial_density(im, bins=10, voxel_size=1)
r""" Computes radial density function by analyzing the histogram of voxel values in the distance transform. This function is defined by Torquato [1] as: .. math:: \int_0^\infty P(r)dr = 1.0 where *P(r)dr* is the probability of finding a voxel at a lying at a radial distance b...
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r im = sp.array(im, dtype=int) Vp = sp.sum(im == 1) Vs = sp.sum(im == 0) e = Vp/(Vs + Vp) return e
def porosity(im)
r""" Calculates the porosity of an image assuming 1's are void space and 0's are solid phase. All other values are ignored, so this can also return the relative fraction of a phase of interest. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array Image of the void space with 1's indicating void spa...
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r if im.ndim != im.squeeze().ndim: warnings.warn('Input image conains a singleton axis:' + str(im.shape) + ' Reduce dimensionality with np.squeeze(im) to avoid' + ' unexpected behavior.') if im.ndim == 2: pts = sp.meshgrid(range(0, im.shape[0], spa...
def two_point_correlation_bf(im, spacing=10)
r""" Calculates the two-point correlation function using brute-force (see Notes) Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The image of the void space on which the 2-point correlation is desired spacing : int The space between points on the regular grid that is used to generate th...
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r if len(autocorr.shape) == 2: adj = sp.reshape(autocorr.shape, [2, 1, 1]) inds = sp.indices(autocorr.shape) - adj/2 dt = sp.sqrt(inds[0]**2 + inds[1]**2) elif len(autocorr.shape) == 3: adj = sp.reshape(autocorr.shape, [3, 1, 1, 1]) inds = sp.indices(autocorr.shape) -...
def _radial_profile(autocorr, r_max, nbins=100)
r""" Helper functions to calculate the radial profile of the autocorrelation Masks the image in radial segments from the center and averages the values The distance values are normalized and 100 bins are used as default. Parameters ---------- autocorr : ND-array The image of autocorrela...
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r # Calculate half lengths of the image hls = (np.ceil(np.shape(im))/2).astype(int) # Fourier Transform and shift image F = sp_ft.ifftshift(sp_ft.fftn(sp_ft.fftshift(im))) # Compute Power Spectrum P = sp.absolute(F**2) # Auto-correlation is inverse of Power Spectrum autoc = sp.absolu...
def two_point_correlation_fft(im)
r""" Calculates the two-point correlation function using fourier transforms Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The image of the void space on which the 2-point correlation is desired Returns ------- result : named_tuple A tuple containing the x and y data for plotting the ...
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r im = im.flatten() vals = im[im > 0]*voxel_size if log: vals = sp.log10(vals) h = _parse_histogram(sp.histogram(vals, bins=bins, density=True)) psd = namedtuple('pore_size_distribution', (log*'log' + 'R', 'pdf', 'cdf', 'satn', 'bin_centers', 'b...
def pore_size_distribution(im, bins=10, log=True, voxel_size=1)
r""" Calculate a pore-size distribution based on the image produced by the ``porosimetry`` or ``local_thickness`` functions. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The array of containing the sizes of the largest sphere that overlaps each voxel. Obtained from either ``porosimetry`` or...
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r labels, N = spim.label(im > 0) props = regionprops(labels, coordinates='xy') chord_lens = sp.array([i.filled_area for i in props]) return chord_lens
def chord_counts(im)
r""" Finds the length of each chord in the supplied image and returns a list of their individual sizes Parameters ---------- im : ND-array An image containing chords drawn in the void space. Returns ------- result : 1D-array A 1D array with one element for each chord, c...
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r x = im[im > 0] h = list(sp.histogram(x, bins=bins, density=True)) h = _parse_histogram(h=h, voxel_size=voxel_size) cld = namedtuple('linear_density_function', ('L', 'pdf', 'cdf', 'relfreq', 'bin_centers', 'bin_edges', 'bin_widths')) return cld(h.bin_c...
def linear_density(im, bins=25, voxel_size=1, log=False)
r""" Determines the probability that a point lies within a certain distance of the opposite phase *along a specified direction* This relates directly the radial density function defined by Torquato [1], but instead of reporting the probability of lying within a stated distance to the nearest solid ...
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r x = chord_counts(im) if bins is None: bins = sp.array(range(0, x.max()+2))*voxel_size x = x*voxel_size if log: x = sp.log10(x) if normalization == 'length': h = list(sp.histogram(x, bins=bins, density=False)) h[0] = h[0]*(h[1][1:]+h[1][:-1])/2 # Scale bin heigt...
def chord_length_distribution(im, bins=None, log=False, voxel_size=1, normalization='count')
r""" Determines the distribution of chord lengths in an image containing chords. Parameters ---------- im : ND-image An image with chords drawn in the pore space, as produced by ``apply_chords`` or ``apply_chords_3d``. ``im`` can be either boolean, in which case each chord will...
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1.114949
r print('_'*60) print('Finding interfacial areas between each region') from skimage.morphology import disk, square, ball, cube im = regions.copy() if im.ndim != im.squeeze().ndim: warnings.warn('Input image conains a singleton axis:' + str(im.shape) + ' Reduce dimen...
def region_interface_areas(regions, areas, voxel_size=1, strel=None)
r""" Calculates the interfacial area between all pairs of adjecent regions Parameters ---------- regions : ND-array An image of the pore space partitioned into individual pore regions. Note that zeros in the image will not be considered for area calculation. areas : array_li...
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r print('_'*60) print('Finding surface area of each region') im = regions.copy() # Get 'slices' into im for each pore region slices = spim.find_objects(im) # Initialize arrays Ps = sp.arange(1, sp.amax(im)+1) sa = sp.zeros_like(Ps, dtype=float) # Start extracting marching cube ar...
def region_surface_areas(regions, voxel_size=1, strel=None)
r""" Extracts the surface area of each region in a labeled image. Optionally, it can also find the the interfacial area between all adjoining regions. Parameters ---------- regions : ND-array An image of the pore space partitioned into individual pore regions. Note that zeros i...
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1.089798
r if mesh: verts = mesh.verts faces = mesh.faces else: if (verts is None) or (faces is None): raise Exception('Either mesh or verts and faces must be given') surface_area = measure.mesh_surface_area(verts, faces) return surface_area
def mesh_surface_area(mesh=None, verts=None, faces=None)
r""" Calculates the surface area of a meshed region Parameters ---------- mesh : tuple The tuple returned from the ``mesh_region`` function verts : array An N-by-ND array containing the coordinates of each mesh vertex faces : array An N-by-ND array indicating which eleme...
3.151628
3.63508
0.867004
r if im.dtype == bool: im = im.astype(int) elif im.dtype != int: raise Exception('Image must contain integer values for each phase') labels = sp.arange(0, sp.amax(im)+1) results = sp.zeros_like(labels) for i in labels: results[i] = sp.sum(im == i) if normed: r...
def phase_fraction(im, normed=True)
r""" Calculates the number (or fraction) of each phase in an image Parameters ---------- im : ND-array An ND-array containing integer values normed : Boolean If ``True`` (default) the returned values are normalized by the total number of voxels in image, otherwise the voxel ...
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4.162828
0.926727
r if sp.squeeze(im.ndim) < 3: raise Exception('This view is only necessary for 3D images') x, y, z = (sp.array(im.shape)/2).astype(int) im_xy = im[:, :, z] im_xz = im[:, y, :] im_yz = sp.rot90(im[x, :, :]) new_x = im_xy.shape[0] + im_yz.shape[0] + 10 new_y = im_xy.shape[1] + im...
def show_planes(im)
r""" Create a quick montage showing a 3D image in all three directions Parameters ---------- im : ND-array A 3D image of the porous material Returns ------- image : ND-array A 2D array containing the views. This single image can be viewed using ``matplotlib.pyplot....
2.412392
2.382642
1.012486
r im = sp.array(~im, dtype=int) if direction in ['Y', 'y']: im = sp.transpose(im, axes=[1, 0, 2]) if direction in ['Z', 'z']: im = sp.transpose(im, axes=[2, 1, 0]) t = im.shape[0] depth = sp.reshape(sp.arange(0, t), [t, 1, 1]) im = im*depth im = sp.amax(im, axis=0) re...
def sem(im, direction='X')
r""" Simulates an SEM photograph looking into the porous material in the specified direction. Features are colored according to their depth into the image, so darker features are further away. Parameters ---------- im : array_like ND-image of the porous material with the solid phase ma...
2.928183
3.260145
0.898176
r im = sp.array(~im, dtype=int) if direction in ['Y', 'y']: im = sp.transpose(im, axes=[1, 0, 2]) if direction in ['Z', 'z']: im = sp.transpose(im, axes=[2, 1, 0]) im = sp.sum(im, axis=0) return im
def xray(im, direction='X')
r""" Simulates an X-ray radiograph looking through the porouls material in the specfied direction. The resulting image is colored according to the amount of attenuation an X-ray would experience, so regions with more solid will appear darker. Parameters ---------- im : array_like N...
2.684821
3.250916
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r # Parse the regionprops list and pull out all props with scalar values metrics = [] reg = regionprops[0] for item in reg.__dir__(): if not item.startswith('_'): try: if sp.shape(getattr(reg, item)) == (): metrics.append(item) exce...
def props_to_DataFrame(regionprops)
r""" Returns a Pandas DataFrame containing all the scalar metrics for each region, such as volume, sphericity, and so on, calculated by ``regionprops_3D``. Parameters ---------- regionprops : list This is a list of properties for each region that is computed by ``regionprops_3D`...
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r im = sp.zeros(shape=shape) for r in regionprops: if prop == 'convex': mask = r.convex_image else: mask = r.image temp = mask * r[prop] s = bbox_to_slices(r.bbox) im[s] += temp return im
def props_to_image(regionprops, shape, prop)
r""" Creates an image with each region colored according the specified ``prop``, as obtained by ``regionprops_3d``. Parameters ---------- regionprops : list This is a list of properties for each region that is computed by PoreSpy's ``regionprops_3D`` or Skimage's ``regionsprops``. ...
4.602747
5.643798
0.815541
r vs = voxel_size for entry in data: if data[entry].dtype == bool: data[entry] = data[entry].astype(np.int8) if data[entry].flags['C_CONTIGUOUS']: data[entry] = np.ascontiguousarray(data[entry]) imageToVTK(path, cellData=data, spacing=(vs, vs, vs), origin=origin)
def dict_to_vtk(data, path='./dictvtk', voxel_size=1, origin=(0, 0, 0))
r""" Accepts multiple images as a dictionary and compiles them into a vtk file Parameters ---------- data : dict A dictionary of *key: value* pairs, where the *key* is the name of the scalar property stored in each voxel of the array stored in the corresponding *value*. path...
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r from openpnm.network import GenericNetwork # Convert net dict to an openpnm Network pn = GenericNetwork() pn.update(net) pn.project.save_project(filename) ws = pn.project.workspace ws.close_project(pn.project)
def to_openpnm(net, filename)
r""" Save the result of the `snow` network extraction function in a format suitable for opening in OpenPNM. Parameters ---------- net : dict The dictionary object produced by the network extraction functions filename : string or path object The name and location to save the fil...
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7.205894
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r if len(im.shape) == 2: im = im[:, :, np.newaxis] if im.dtype == bool: vox = True if vox: im = im.astype(np.int8) vs = voxel_size if divide: split = np.round(im.shape[2]/2).astype(np.int) im1 = im[:, :, 0:split] im2 = im[:, :, split:] imag...
def to_vtk(im, path='./voxvtk', divide=False, downsample=False, voxel_size=1, vox=False)
r""" Converts an array to a vtk file. Parameters ---------- im : 3D image The image of the porous material path : string Path to output file divide : bool vtk files can get very large, this option allows you for two output files, divided at z = half. This allows ...
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r # Create binary image for fluid and solid phases bin_im = im == solid # Transform to integer for distance transform bin_im = bin_im.astype(int) # Distance Transform computes Euclidean distance in lattice units to # Nearest fluid for every solid voxel dt = nd.distance_transform_edt(bin_...
def to_palabos(im, filename, solid=0)
r""" Converts an ND-array image to a text file that Palabos can read in as a geometry for Lattice Boltzmann simulations. Uses a Euclidean distance transform to identify solid voxels neighboring fluid voxels and labels them as the interface. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The im...
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r return generate_voxel_image(network, pore_shape=pore_shape, throat_shape=throat_shape, max_dim=max_dim, verbose=verbose, rtol=rtol)
def openpnm_to_im(network, pore_shape="sphere", throat_shape="cylinder", max_dim=None, verbose=1, rtol=0.1)
r""" Generates voxel image from an OpenPNM network object. Parameters ---------- network : OpenPNM GenericNetwork Network from which voxel image is to be generated pore_shape : str Shape of pores in the network, valid choices are "sphere", "cube" throat_shape : str Sha...
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3.016832
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r if im.ndim != im.squeeze().ndim: warnings.warn('Input image conains a singleton axis:' + str(im.shape) + ' Reduce dimensionality with np.squeeze(im) to avoid' + ' unexpected behavior.') if mode in ['backward', 'reverse']: im = sp.flip(im, axis) ...
def distance_transform_lin(im, axis=0, mode='both')
r""" Replaces each void voxel with the linear distance to the nearest solid voxel along the specified axis. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The image of the porous material with ``True`` values indicating the void phase (or phase of interest) axis : int The directio...
2.223412
2.179204
1.020286
r im = dt > 0 if im.ndim != im.squeeze().ndim: warnings.warn('Input image conains a singleton axis:' + str(im.shape) + ' Reduce dimensionality with np.squeeze(im) to avoid' + ' unexpected behavior.') if footprint is None: if im.ndim == 2: ...
def find_peaks(dt, r_max=4, footprint=None)
r""" Returns all local maxima in the distance transform Parameters ---------- dt : ND-array The distance transform of the pore space. This may be calculated and filtered using any means desired. r_max : scalar The size of the structuring element used in the maximum filter....
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r if peaks.ndim == 2: strel = square else: strel = cube markers, N = spim.label(input=peaks, structure=strel(3)) inds = spim.measurements.center_of_mass(input=peaks, labels=markers, index=sp.arang...
def reduce_peaks(peaks)
r""" Any peaks that are broad or elongated are replaced with a single voxel that is located at the center of mass of the original voxels. Parameters ---------- peaks : ND-image An image containing True values indicating peaks in the distance transform Returns ------- im...
4.172719
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r peaks = sp.copy(peaks) if dt.ndim == 2: from skimage.morphology import square as cube else: from skimage.morphology import cube labels, N = spim.label(peaks) slices = spim.find_objects(labels) for i in range(N): s = extend_slice(s=slices[i], shape=peaks.shape, pad=1...
def trim_saddle_points(peaks, dt, max_iters=10)
r""" Removes peaks that were mistakenly identified because they lied on a saddle or ridge in the distance transform that was not actually a true local peak. Parameters ---------- peaks : ND-array A boolean image containing True values to mark peaks in the distance transform (``d...
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r peaks = sp.copy(peaks) if dt.ndim == 2: from skimage.morphology import square as cube else: from skimage.morphology import cube peaks, N = spim.label(peaks, structure=cube(3)) crds = spim.measurements.center_of_mass(peaks, labels=peaks, ...
def trim_nearby_peaks(peaks, dt)
r""" Finds pairs of peaks that are nearer to each other than to the solid phase, and removes the peak that is closer to the solid. Parameters ---------- peaks : ND-array A boolean image containing True values to mark peaks in the distance transform (``dt``) dt : ND-array ...
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r if im.ndim != im.squeeze().ndim: warnings.warn('Input image conains a singleton axis:' + str(im.shape) + ' Reduce dimensionality with np.squeeze(im) to avoid' + ' unexpected behavior.') if im.ndim == 2: if conn == 4: strel = disk(1) ...
def find_disconnected_voxels(im, conn=None)
r""" This identifies all pore (or solid) voxels that are not connected to the edge of the image. This can be used to find blind pores, or remove artifacts such as solid phase voxels that are floating in space. Parameters ---------- im : ND-image A Boolean image, with True values indica...
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r im = sp.copy(im) holes = find_disconnected_voxels(im) im[holes] = False return im
def fill_blind_pores(im)
r""" Fills all pores that are not connected to the edges of the image. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The image of the porous material Returns ------- image : ND-array A version of ``im`` but with all the disconnected pores removed. See Also -------- find_...
10.683798
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r im = sp.copy(im) holes = find_disconnected_voxels(~im) im[holes] = True return im
def trim_floating_solid(im)
r""" Removes all solid that that is not attached to the edges of the image. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The image of the porous material Returns ------- image : ND-array A version of ``im`` but with all the disconnected solid removed. See Also -------- ...
14.497808
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r if im.ndim != im.squeeze().ndim: warnings.warn('Input image conains a singleton axis:' + str(im.shape) + ' Reduce dimensionality with np.squeeze(im) to avoid' + ' unexpected behavior.') im = trim_floating_solid(~im) labels = spim.label(~im)[0] in...
def trim_nonpercolating_paths(im, inlet_axis=0, outlet_axis=0)
r""" Removes all nonpercolating paths between specified edges This function is essential when performing transport simulations on an image, since image regions that do not span between the desired inlet and outlet do not contribute to the transport. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array ...
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r result = im if mode in ['maxima', 'extrema']: result = reconstruction(seed=im - h, mask=im, method='dilation') elif mode in ['minima', 'extrema']: result = reconstruction(seed=im + h, mask=im, method='erosion') return result
def trim_extrema(im, h, mode='maxima')
r""" Trims local extrema in greyscale values by a specified amount. This essentially decapitates peaks and/or floods valleys. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The image whose extrema are to be removed h : float The height to remove from each peak or fill in each valley ...
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r mask = im > 0 if regions is None: labels, N = spim.label(mask) else: labels = sp.copy(regions) N = labels.max() I = im.flatten() L = labels.flatten() if mode.startswith('max'): V = sp.zeros(shape=N+1, dtype=float) for i in range(len(L)): ...
def flood(im, regions=None, mode='max')
r""" Floods/fills each region in an image with a single value based on the specific values in that region. The ``mode`` argument is used to determine how the value is calculated. Parameters ---------- im : array_like An ND image with isolated regions containing 0's elsewhere. regi...
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r temp = sp.ones(shape=dt.shape)*sp.inf for ax in range(dt.ndim): dt_lin = distance_transform_lin(sp.ones_like(temp, dtype=bool), axis=ax, mode='both') temp = sp.minimum(temp, dt_lin) result = sp.clip(dt - temp, a_min=0, a_max=sp.inf) return re...
def find_dt_artifacts(dt)
r""" Finds points in a distance transform that are closer to wall than solid. These points could *potentially* be erroneously high since their distance values do not reflect the possibility that solid may have been present beyond the border of the image but lost by trimming. Parameters -------...
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r if im.dtype == bool: im = spim.label(im)[0] counts = sp.bincount(im.flatten()) counts[0] = 0 chords = counts[im] return chords
def region_size(im)
r""" Replace each voxel with size of region to which it belongs Parameters ---------- im : ND-array Either a boolean image wtih ``True`` indicating the features of interest, in which case ``scipy.ndimage.label`` will be applied to find regions, or a greyscale image with integer ...
7.792514
6.65112
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r if im.ndim != im.squeeze().ndim: warnings.warn('Input image conains a singleton axis:' + str(im.shape) + ' Reduce dimensionality with np.squeeze(im) to avoid' + ' unexpected behavior.') if spacing < 0: raise Exception('Spacing cannot be less than...
def apply_chords(im, spacing=1, axis=0, trim_edges=True, label=False)
r""" Adds chords to the void space in the specified direction. The chords are separated by 1 voxel plus the provided spacing. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array An image of the porous material with void marked as ``True``. spacing : int Separation between chords. The default...
4.297064
4.388328
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r if im.ndim != im.squeeze().ndim: warnings.warn('Input image conains a singleton axis:' + str(im.shape) + ' Reduce dimensionality with np.squeeze(im) to avoid' + ' unexpected behavior.') if im.ndim < 3: raise Exception('Must be a 3D image to use t...
def apply_chords_3D(im, spacing=0, trim_edges=True)
r""" Adds chords to the void space in all three principle directions. The chords are seprated by 1 voxel plus the provided spacing. Chords in the X, Y and Z directions are labelled 1, 2 and 3 resepctively. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array A 3D image of the porous material with void...
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r im_new = porosimetry(im=im, sizes=sizes, access_limited=False, mode=mode) return im_new
def local_thickness(im, sizes=25, mode='hybrid')
r""" For each voxel, this functions calculates the radius of the largest sphere that both engulfs the voxel and fits entirely within the foreground. This is not the same as a simple distance transform, which finds the largest sphere that could be *centered* on each voxel. Parameters ---------- ...
12.109858
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r temp = sp.zeros_like(im) temp[inlets] = True labels, N = spim.label(im + temp) im = im ^ (clear_border(labels=labels) > 0) return im
def trim_disconnected_blobs(im, inlets)
r""" Removes foreground voxels not connected to specified inlets Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The array to be trimmed inlets : ND-array of tuple of indices The locations of the inlets. Any voxels *not* connected directly to the inlets will be trimmed Returns ...
9.965244
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r''' Helper function to generate the axial shifts that will be performed on the image to identify bordering pixels/voxels ''' if ndim == 2: if include_diagonals: neighbors = square(3) else: neighbors = diamond(1) neighbors[1, 1] = 0 x, y = np.w...
def _get_axial_shifts(ndim=2, include_diagonals=False)
r''' Helper function to generate the axial shifts that will be performed on the image to identify bordering pixels/voxels
2.467544
1.909195
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r''' Creates a stack of images with one extra dimension to the input image with length equal to the number of borders to search + 1. Image is rolled along the axial shifts so that the border pixel is overlapping the original pixel. First image in stack is the original. Stacking makes direct vect...
def _make_stack(im, include_diagonals=False)
r''' Creates a stack of images with one extra dimension to the input image with length equal to the number of borders to search + 1. Image is rolled along the axial shifts so that the border pixel is overlapping the original pixel. First image in stack is the original. Stacking makes direct vectoriz...
2.496206
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1.749212
r''' Identifies the voxels in regions that border *N* other regions. Useful for finding triple-phase boundaries. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array An ND image of the porous material containing discrete values in the pore space identifying different regions. e.g. the result of...
def nphase_border(im, include_diagonals=False)
r''' Identifies the voxels in regions that border *N* other regions. Useful for finding triple-phase boundaries. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array An ND image of the porous material containing discrete values in the pore space identifying different regions. e.g. the result of a ...
5.408484
2.642735
2.046548
r values = sp.array(values).flatten() if sp.size(values) != regions.max() + 1: raise Exception('Number of values does not match number of regions') im = sp.zeros_like(regions) im = values[regions] return im
def map_to_regions(regions, values)
r""" Maps pore values from a network onto the image from which it was extracted This function assumes that the pore numbering in the network has remained unchanged from the region labels in the partitioned image. Parameters ---------- regions : ND-array An image of the pore space parti...
4.827604
5.660773
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r print("\n" + "-" * 44, flush=True) print("| Generating voxel image from pore network |", flush=True) print("-" * 44, flush=True) # If max_dim is provided, generate voxel image using max_dim if max_dim is not None: return _generate_voxel_image(network, pore_shape, throat_shape, ...
def generate_voxel_image(network, pore_shape="sphere", throat_shape="cylinder", max_dim=None, verbose=1, rtol=0.1)
r""" Generates voxel image from an OpenPNM network object. Parameters ---------- network : OpenPNM GenericNetwork Network from which voxel image is to be generated pore_shape : str Shape of pores in the network, valid choices are "sphere", "cube" throat_shape : str Sha...
3.19212
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r f = boundary_faces if f is not None: coords = network['pore.coords'] condition = coords[~network['pore.boundary']] dic = {'left': 0, 'right': 0, 'front': 1, 'back': 1, 'top': 2, 'bottom': 2} if all(coords[:, 2] == 0): dic['top'] = 1 di...
def label_boundary_cells(network=None, boundary_faces=None)
r""" Takes 2D or 3D network and assign labels to boundary pores Parameters ---------- network : dictionary A dictionary as produced by the SNOW network extraction algorithms containing edge/vertex, site/bond, node/link information. boundary_faces : list of strings The user ...
2.851108
2.887429
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r im = im.copy() if im.ndim != element.ndim: raise Exception('Image shape ' + str(im.shape) + ' and element shape ' + str(element.shape) + ' do not match') s_im = [] s_el = [] if (center is not None) and (corner is None): for dim in...
def insert_shape(im, element, center=None, corner=None, value=1, mode='overwrite')
r""" Inserts sub-image into a larger image at the specified location. If the inserted image extends beyond the boundaries of the image it will be cropped accordingly. Parameters ---------- im : ND-array The image into which the sub-image will be inserted element : ND-array ...
1.903284
1.911039
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r shape = sp.array(shape) if sp.size(shape) == 1: shape = sp.full((3, ), int(shape)) if sp.size(shape) == 2: shape = sp.hstack((shape, [1])) temp = sp.zeros(shape=shape[:2]) Xi = sp.ceil(sp.linspace(spacing/2, shape[0]-(spacing/2)-1, ...
def bundle_of_tubes(shape: List[int], spacing: int)
r""" Create a 3D image of a bundle of tubes, in the form of a rectangular plate with randomly sized holes through it. Parameters ---------- shape : list The size the image, with the 3rd dimension indicating the plate thickness. If the 3rd dimension is not given then a thickness of ...
2.515056
2.537033
0.991337
r shape = sp.array(shape) if sp.size(shape) == 1: shape = sp.full((3, ), int(shape)) Rs = dist.interval(sp.linspace(0.05, 0.95, nbins)) Rs = sp.vstack(Rs).T Rs = (Rs[:-1] + Rs[1:])/2 Rs = sp.clip(Rs.flatten(), a_min=r_min, a_max=None) phi_desired = 1 - (1 - porosity)/(len(Rs)) ...
def polydisperse_spheres(shape: List[int], porosity: float, dist, nbins: int = 5, r_min: int = 5)
r""" Create an image of randomly place, overlapping spheres with a distribution of radii. Parameters ---------- shape : list The size of the image to generate in [Nx, Ny, Nz] where Ni is the number of voxels in each direction. If shape is only 2D, then an image of polydispe...
4.044414
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r print(78*'―') print('voronoi_edges: Generating', ncells, 'cells') shape = sp.array(shape) if sp.size(shape) == 1: shape = sp.full((3, ), int(shape)) im = sp.zeros(shape, dtype=bool) base_pts = sp.rand(ncells, 3)*shape if flat_faces: # Reflect base points Nx, Ny,...
def voronoi_edges(shape: List[int], radius: int, ncells: int, flat_faces: bool = True)
r""" Create an image of the edges in a Voronoi tessellation Parameters ---------- shape : array_like The size of the image to generate in [Nx, Ny, Nz] where Ni is the number of voxels in each direction. radius : scalar The radius to which Voronoi edges should be dilated in ...
2.614955
2.552265
1.024562
r edges = [[], []] for facet in vor.ridge_vertices: # Create a closed cycle of vertices that define the facet edges[0].extend(facet[:-1]+[facet[-1]]) edges[1].extend(facet[1:]+[facet[0]]) edges = sp.vstack(edges).T # Convert to scipy-friendly format mask = sp.any(edges == -1...
def _get_Voronoi_edges(vor)
r""" Given a Voronoi object as produced by the scipy.spatial.Voronoi class, this function calculates the start and end points of eeach edge in the Voronoi diagram, in terms of the vertex indices used by the received Voronoi object. Parameters ---------- vor : scipy.spatial.Voronoi object ...
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r shape = sp.array(shape) if sp.size(shape) == 1: shape = sp.full((3, ), int(shape)) ndim = (shape != 1).sum() s_vol = ps_disk(radius).sum() if ndim == 2 else ps_ball(radius).sum() bulk_vol = sp.prod(shape) N = int(sp.ceil((1 - porosity)*bulk_vol/s_vol)) im = sp.random.random(si...
def overlapping_spheres(shape: List[int], radius: int, porosity: float, iter_max: int = 10, tol: float = 0.01)
r""" Generate a packing of overlapping mono-disperse spheres Parameters ---------- shape : list The size of the image to generate in [Nx, Ny, Nz] where Ni is the number of voxels in the i-th direction. radius : scalar The radius of spheres in the packing. porosity : sc...
4.355009
4.320169
1.008065
r try: import noise except ModuleNotFoundError: raise Exception("The noise package must be installed") shape = sp.array(shape) if sp.size(shape) == 1: Lx, Ly, Lz = sp.full((3, ), int(shape)) elif len(shape) == 2: Lx, Ly = shape Lz = 1 elif len(shape) =...
def generate_noise(shape: List[int], porosity=None, octaves: int = 3, frequency: int = 32, mode: str = 'simplex')
r""" Generate a field of spatially correlated random noise using the Perlin noise algorithm, or the updated Simplex noise algorithm. Parameters ---------- shape : array_like The size of the image to generate in [Nx, Ny, Nz] where N is the number of voxels. porosity : float ...
2.511693
2.270801
1.106083
blobiness = sp.array(blobiness) shape = sp.array(shape) if sp.size(shape) == 1: shape = sp.full((3, ), int(shape)) sigma = sp.mean(shape)/(40*blobiness) im = sp.random.random(shape) im = spim.gaussian_filter(im, sigma=sigma) im = norm_to_uniform(im, scale=[0, 1]) if porosity...
def blobs(shape: List[int], porosity: float = 0.5, blobiness: int = 1)
Generates an image containing amorphous blobs Parameters ---------- shape : list The size of the image to generate in [Nx, Ny, Nz] where N is the number of voxels porosity : float If specified, this will threshold the image to the specified value prior to returning. If...
4.909578
4.765621
1.030208
r shape = sp.array(shape) if sp.size(shape) == 1: shape = sp.full((3, ), int(shape)) elif sp.size(shape) == 2: raise Exception("2D cylinders don't make sense") R = sp.sqrt(sp.sum(sp.square(shape))).astype(int) im = sp.zeros(shape) # Adjust max angles to be between 0 and 90 ...
def cylinders(shape: List[int], radius: int, ncylinders: int, phi_max: float = 0, theta_max: float = 90)
r""" Generates a binary image of overlapping cylinders. This is a good approximation of a fibrous mat. Parameters ---------- shape : list The size of the image to generate in [Nx, Ny, Nz] where N is the number of voxels. 2D images are not permitted. radius : scalar The ...
2.685014
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0.980284
r X0 = sp.around(X0).astype(int) X1 = sp.around(X1).astype(int) if len(X0) == 3: L = sp.amax(sp.absolute([[X1[0]-X0[0]], [X1[1]-X0[1]], [X1[2]-X0[2]]])) + 1 x = sp.rint(sp.linspace(X0[0], X1[0], L)).astype(int) y = sp.rint(sp.linspace(X0[1], X1[1], L)).astype(int) z = sp....
def line_segment(X0, X1)
r""" Calculate the voxel coordinates of a straight line between the two given end points Parameters ---------- X0 and X1 : array_like The [x, y] or [x, y, z] coordinates of the start and end points of the line. Returns ------- coords : list of lists A list of li...
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r elem = strel.copy() x_dim, y_dim = im.shape x_min = x-r x_max = x+r+1 y_min = y-r y_max = y+r+1 if x_min < 0: x_adj = -x_min elem = elem[x_adj:, :] x_min = 0 elif x_max > x_dim: x_adj = x_max - x_dim elem = elem[:-x_adj, :] if y_min < 0: ...
def _fit_strel_to_im_2d(im, strel, r, x, y)
r""" Helper function to add a structuring element to a 2D image. Used by RSA. Makes sure if center is less than r pixels from edge of image that the strel is sliced to fit.
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