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EkBass
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BazzBasic_AI_Guide

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GOTO target$
' Other
SLEEP 2000 ' Pause for milliseconds
END ' Terminate program
```
**Note:** Labels are case-insensitive and may contain almost any printable character.
Whitespace is trimmed. Everything between "[" and "]" is treated as the label name.
---
## I/O
| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `PRINT expr; expr` | `;` = no space, `,` = tab |
| `PRINT "text";` | Trailing `;` suppresses newline |
| `INPUT "prompt", var$` | Splits on whitespace/comma |
| `INPUT "prompt", a$, b$` | Multiple values |
| `LINE INPUT "prompt", var$` | Read entire line with spaces |
| `CLS` | Clear screen |
| `LOCATE row, col` | Move cursor (1-based) |
| `CURPOS("row")` / `CURPOS("col")` | Read cursor row or col (1-based, matches LOCATE) |
| `CURPOS()` | Read cursor as `"row,col"` string |
| `COLOR fg, bg` | Text colors (0–15 palette) |
| `SHELL("cmd")` | Run shell command, returns output |
| `SHELL("cmd", ms)` | With timeout in ms (default 5000) |
' ; prints without spacing
' , prints tab separation
' Both can be mixed in a single PRINT statement
' INPUT splits on whitespace and comma; quoted strings are treated as single values
**Escape sequences in strings:** `\"` `\n` `\t` `\\`
**SHELL + SQLite.** SQLite (the `sqlite3` CLI tool) is the recommended way to add a real database to a BazzBasic script — see the *SQLite Database* page in the manual for the full guide. Three things to remember when generating SHELL commands that wrap SQL:
- Always append `2>&1` to the command, or SQL errors disappear silently.
- Use `\"` (BazzBasic escape) to wrap the SQL for the OS shell: `SHELL("sqlite3 db.sqlite \"SELECT * FROM users\" 2>&1")`.
- In paths use `/` or `\\` — never a single `\`.
### Keyboard Input
| Function | Returns | Notes |
|----------|---------|-------|
| `INKEY` | Key value or 0 | Non-blocking |
| `KEYDOWN(key#)` | TRUE/FALSE | Held-key detection; KEYDOWN only works in graphics mode |
| `WAITKEY(key#, ...)` | Key value | Blocks until key pressed; `WAITKEY()` = any key |
### Mouse (graphics mode only)
`MOUSEX`, `MOUSEY` — cursor position
`MOUSELEFT`, MOUSERIGHT, MOUSEMIDDLE — return 1 if pressed, 0 otherwise
`MOUSEHIDE` — hide the mouse cursor (graphics screen only)
`MOUSESHOW` — restore the mouse cursor (graphics screen only)
### Console Read
Returns numeric or character depending on type parameter
`GETCONSOLE(row, col, type)` — type: 0=char (ASCII), 1=fg color, 2=bg color
---
## User-Defined Functions
```basic
' Define BEFORE calling. Name must end with $.
DEF FN Clamp$(val$, lo$, hi$)
IF val$ < lo$ THEN RETURN lo$
IF val$ > hi$ THEN RETURN hi$
RETURN val$
END DEF
PRINT FN Clamp$(5, 1, 10) ' ✓ OK — return value used
LET v$ = FN Clamp$(15, 0, 10) ' ✓ OK
FN Clamp$(5, 1, 10) ' ✗ ERROR — return value unused
' Return value must be assigned with LET or consumed by PRINT — there is no way to silently discard it.
```
- Isolated scope: no access to global variables, only global constants (`#`)
- Parameters passed **by value**
- Labels inside functions are local — GOTO/GOSUB cannot jump outside
- Supports recursion
- Arrays as parameters not allowed. Use ASJSON to make array as JSON-string to pass it.
- Use `INCLUDE` to load functions from separate files if many
---
## String Functions
| Function | Description |
|----------|-------------|
| `ASC(s$)` | ASCII code of first char |
| `CHR(n)` | Character from ASCII code |
| `INSTR(s$, search$)` | Position (1-based), 0=not found; case-sensitive by default |
| `INSTR(s$, search$, mode)` | mode: 0=case-insensitive, 1=case-sensitive |
| `INSTR(start, s$, search$)` | Search from position (case-sensitive) |
| `INVERT(s$)` | Reverse string |
| `LCASE(s$)` / `UCASE(s$)` | Lower / upper case |
| `LEFT(s$, n)` / `RIGHT(s$, n)` | First/last n chars |
| `LEN(s$)` | String length |
| `LTRIM(s$)` / `RTRIM(s$)` / `TRIM(s$)` | Strip whitespace |
| `MID(s$, start)` | Substring from start (1-based) |
| `MID(s$, start, len)` | Substring with length |
| `REPEAT(s$, n)` | Repeat string n times |